PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Drosophila remains a pre-eminent insect model system for host-virus interaction, but the host range and fitness consequences of the drosophilid virome are poorly understood. Metagenomic studies have reported approximately 200 viruses associated with Drosophilidae, but few isolates are available to characterize the Drosophila immune response, and most characterization has relied on injection and systemic infection. Here, we use a more natural infection route to characterize the fitness effects of infection and to study a wider range of viruses. We exposed laboratory Drosophila melanogaster to 23 naturally occurring viruses from wild-collected drosophilids. We recorded transmission rates along with two components of female fitness: survival and the lifetime number of adult offspring produced. Nine different viruses transmitted during contact with laboratory D. melanogaster, although for the majority, rates of transmission were less than 20%. Five virus infections led to a significant decrease in lifespan (D. melanogaster Nora virus, D. immigrans Nora virus, Muthill virus, galbut virus and Prestney Burn virus), and three led to a reduction in the total number of offspring. Our findings demonstrate the utility of the Drosophila model for community-level studies of host-virus interactions, and suggest that viral infection could be a substantial fitness burden on wild flies.
摘要：
果蝇仍然是宿主病毒相互作用的杰出昆虫模型系统，但是果蝇病毒的宿主范围和适应性后果却知之甚少。宏基因组学研究报告了大约200种与果蝇科相关的病毒，但是很少有分离株可用于表征果蝇免疫反应，大多数表征依赖于注射和全身感染。这里,我们使用更自然的感染途径来表征感染的适应性影响，并研究更广泛的病毒。我们将实验室果蝇暴露于来自野生果蝇的23种自然存在的病毒。我们记录了传播率以及女性健康的两个组成部分：存活率和成年后代的寿命。与实验室D.melanogaster接触时传播的九种不同的病毒，尽管对于大多数人来说，传播率低于20%。五种病毒感染导致寿命显着降低（D.黑腹诺拉病毒，D.移民诺拉病毒，Muthill病毒,高但病毒和普雷斯特尼烧伤病毒)，三个导致后代总数减少。我们的发现证明了果蝇模型在宿主病毒相互作用的社区水平研究中的实用性，并表明病毒感染可能是野生苍蝇的巨大健身负担。
