在巴西,评估鱼场中痕量金属浓度的研究很少。因此,调查水生生物群中这些金属的存在和水平的研究,特别是在鱼组织中,对于制定适当的策略以减轻可能的有毒金属的影响至关重要。在这里,我们调查了痕量金属(Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Al,Ag,Cd,Pb,Fe,Na,Mg,Ca,K,和Ba)在水中,饲料,和沉积物,以及tambaqui肌肉中的生物富集和生物积累因子(Colossomamacropomum)。为此,八个商业养鱼场,也从事其他农业活动,被选中。Fe,Zn,Mg,tambaqui肌肉中的Cr浓度超过了巴西规定的成年人每日食用的限值。Mn,Zn,Al,Pb,Fe,Na,Cu,Co,Ag,Cd,和Ba在tambaquis的肝组织中的水平明显高于肌肉组织中的水平。在饲料中发现的最普遍的金属是钙,K,Na,Mg,Fe。然而,沉积物中Cr和Cd的含量,以及Pb,Mn,Cu,和水中的铁,超过了巴西法律允许的最高限额。观察到金属的生物富集系数最高,Na,Zn,K,浓度高达4.74、12.61和72.08倍,分别,与水中相比,tambaqui肌肉更高。Ca的生物积累因子,Zn,Mg,Na,K分别为2.90、6.96、21.21、212.33和492.02倍,分别,在所有养鱼场中,肌肉组织的沉积物值均高于鱼塘的沉积物值。因此,我们的发现表明tambaquis具有显着的生物积累痕量金属的能力,特别是必不可少的,可以归类为环境质量的生物指示物种。此外,我们观察到,尽管水的含量和多样性最高,高于巴西立法建议的值,沉积物是tambaquis痕量金属污染的主要来源。
In Brazil, studies evaluating the concentration of trace metals in fish farms are scarce. Therefore, studies investigating the presence and levels of these metals in aquatic biota, particularly in fish tissues, are crucial for developing appropriate strategies to mitigate the impact of possible toxic metals. Herein, we investigated the levels of trace metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ag, Cd, Pb, Fe, Na, Mg, Ca, K, and Ba) in water, feed, and sediment, as well as the bioconcentration and bioaccumulation factors in tambaqui muscles (Colossoma macropomum). For this purpose, eight commercial fish farms, which are also engaged in other agricultural activities, were selected. Fe, Zn, Mg, and Cr concentration in tambaqui muscles exceeded the limits set by the Brazilian regulations for daily consumption by adults. Mn, Zn, Al, Pb, Fe, Na, Cu, Co, Ag, Cd, and Ba levels were substantially higher in the liver tissue of tambaquis than those in the muscle tissue. The most prevalent metals found in the feed were Ca, K, Na, Mg, and Fe. However, the levels of Cr and Cd in the sediment, as well as Pb, Mn, Cu, and Fe in the water, exceeded the maximum limits allowed by the Brazilian legislation. The highest bioconcentration factors were observed for the metals, Na, Zn, and K, with concentrations up to 4.74, 12.61, and 72.08 times, respectively, higher in tambaqui muscle compared to those in water. The bioaccumulation factors for Ca, Zn, Mg, Na, and K were 2.90, 6.96, 21.21, 212.33, and 492.02 times, respectively, higher in the muscle tissue than those in the sediment values in fishponds across all fish farms. Therefore, our findings suggest that tambaquis have a remarkable ability to bioaccumulate trace metals, particularly the essential ones, and can be categorized as a bioindicator species for environmental quality. Furthermore, we observed that, although water exhibits the highest prevalence and diversity of elements above the values recommended by the Brazilian legislation, sediment is the primary source of trace metal contamination for tambaquis.