暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。

Imagery has become one of the main data sources for investigating seascape spatial patterns. This is particularly true in deep-sea environments, which are only accessible with underwater vehicles. On the one hand, using collaborative web-based tools and machine learning algorithms, biological and geological features can now be massively annotated on 2D images with the support of experts. On the other hand, geomorphometrics such as slope or rugosity derived from 3D models built with structure from motion (sfm) methodology can then be used to answer spatial distribution questions. However, precise georeferencing of 2D annotations on 3D models has proven challenging for deep-sea images, due to a large mismatch between navigation obtained from underwater vehicles and the reprojected navigation computed in the process of building 3D models. In addition, although 3D models can be directly annotated, the process becomes challenging due to the low resolution of textures and the large size of the models. In this article, we propose a streamlined, open-access processing pipeline to reproject 2D image annotations onto 3D models using ray tracing. Using four underwater image datasets, we assessed the accuracy of annotation reprojection on 3D models and achieved successful georeferencing to centimetric accuracy. The combination of photogrammetric 3D models and accurate 2D annotations would allow the construction of a 3D representation of the landscape and could provide new insights into understanding species microdistribution and biotic interactions.

The fish disease model facilitates our understanding of disease dynamics, risk assessment for disease outbreaks, the response of the gut immune system, and the maintenance of ecosystem health. Here, we present a protocol for studying gut immunity modulation by infecting Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a loach fish, with Aeromonas hydrophila. We describe steps for performing intra-peritoneal injection on fish and a bath challenge. We detail procedures for conducting periodic population calculations during the infection phase to corroborate Aeromonas hydrophila invasion in the gut. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Basak and Chakraborty.1.

暂无摘要。

Molecular identification of pollen carried by insects informs about their history of visited plants. For migratory butterflies, it can be used to trace long-range movements enduring days of flight over thousands of kilometers. Here, we present a protocol to (1) isolate pollen grains from butterfly bodies and (2) prepare metabarcoding libraries for their identification using the internal transcribed spacer 2 fragment, a common barcode used to identify plants. This protocol would be applicable to other insect groups and metabarcoding markers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Suchan et al.1 and Gorki et al.2.

暂无摘要。

暂无摘要。