犬麻疹病毒(犬瘟热病毒(CDV))被认为是一种多宿主病原体,可引起影响家畜和野生动物的传染性疾病。相当一部分野生动物种群仍未接种疫苗,因为缺乏预防这些物种CDV感染的现有疫苗的安全性和免疫原性数据。这篇综述旨在评估国内和野生动物CDV疫苗接种研究的现状,并通过体内研究探索新型疫苗候选物。它还试图从关于CDV疫苗研究的广泛科学文献中综合分散的信息,确定该领域的关键研究人员,并强调缺乏CDV疫苗研究的领域。根据PRISMA-ScR协议,对四个数据库进行了范围审查,使用绝对和相对频率以及研究数量比例的95%置信区间(CI)分析信息。在检索到的2321篇文章中,68符合纳入标准,专注于各种动物物种的CDV疫苗,比如狗,雪貂,水貂,和老鼠。参与这项研究的大多数科学界都在美国,加拿大,法国,和丹麦。各种疫苗类型,包括MLVCDV,重组病毒,DNA质粒,灭活CDV,和MLV麻疹病毒(MeV),被确认,以及实验和商业疫苗中使用的各种免疫途径和时间表。总结了安全性和有效性数据。值得注意的是,37项研究报告了免疫后CDV挑战,主要是狗,揭示接种疫苗的动物的存活率。总之,CDV疫苗通常在狗中表现出可接受的安全性,并且显示出作为控制CDV的手段的希望。然而,疫苗研究仍然存在显著差距,特别是关于野生动物水库,表明需要进一步调查。
Morbillivirus canis (canine
distemper virus (CDV)) is recognized as a multihost pathogen responsible for a transmissible disease affecting both domestic and wild animals. A considerable portion of wildlife populations remain unvaccinated due to a lack of safety and immunogenicity data on existing vaccines for the prevention of CDV infection in these species. This review aimed to assess the current state of CDV vaccination research for both domestic and wild animals and to explore novel vaccine candidates through in vivo studies. It also sought to synthesize the scattered information from the extensive scientific literature on CDV vaccine research, identify key researchers in the field, and highlight areas where research on CDV vaccination is lacking. A scoping review was conducted across four databases following the PRISMA-ScR protocol, with information analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for study number proportions. Among the 2321 articles retrieved, 68 met the inclusion criteria and focused on CDV vaccines in various animal species, such as dogs, ferrets, minks, and mice. Most of the scientific community involved in this research was in the USA, Canada, France, and Denmark. Various vaccine types, including MLV CDV, recombinant virus, DNA plasmids, inactivated CDV, and MLV measles virus (MeV), were identified, along with diverse immunization routes and schedules employed in experimental and commercial vaccines. Safety and efficacy data were summarized. Notably, 37 studies reported postimmunization CDV challenge, primarily in dogs, revealing the survival rates of vaccinated animals. In summary, CDV vaccines generally demonstrate an acceptable safety profile in dogs and show promise as a means of controlling CDV. However, significant gaps in vaccine research persist, particularly concerning wildlife reservoirs, indicating the need for further investigation.