内皮细胞功能障碍是一个涉及多种病因的复杂过程,早期和晚期事件,以及随后的后果。这篇综述概述了每个方面,并概述了针对这些阶段的治疗干预措施。内皮功能障碍的原因包括一系列危险因素,包括高血压,糖尿病,吸烟,肥胖,炎症,氧化应激,和遗传倾向。早期事件,如内皮激活,炎症反应,血管舒缩张力失调先于氧化应激等晚期事件,内皮细胞凋亡,和微血管稀疏。后果包括内皮重塑,新生血管形成,器官功能障碍,和临床表现,强调跨多个系统的不同影响。虽然线性描绘,内皮功能障碍的进展是动态的,受多种因素的影响,如根本原因和影响血管床。了解这些动态对于定制治疗干预措施至关重要,从改变生活方式到靶向治疗,有效解决潜在的原因和影响。在这里,我们提供了对内皮细胞功能障碍的全面了解,这对于制定减轻这种失调对健康和心血管疾病进展的影响的策略至关重要。
Endothelial cell dysfunction is a complex process involving various causes, early and late events, and subsequent consequences. This review provides an overview of each aspect and outlines therapeutic interventions targeting these stages. Causes of endothelial dysfunction encompass a spectrum of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predispositions. Early events such as endothelial activation, inflammatory response, and dysregulated vasomotor tone precede late events like oxidative stress, endothelial apoptosis, and microvascular rarefaction. The consequences include endothelial remodelling, neovascularization, organ dysfunction, and clinical manifestations, highlighting the diverse impacts across multiple systems. While depicted linearly, the progression of endothelial dysfunction is dynamic, influenced by various factors such as the underlying cause and affected vascular bed. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for tailoring therapeutic interventions, ranging from lifestyle modifications to targeted therapies, to address the underlying causes and effects effectively. Here we provide comprehensive understanding of endothelial cell dysfunction that is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the impact of this dysregulation on health and cardiovascular diseases progression.