背景:生境改变和土地利用变化影响生态相互作用并改变人与自然之间的关系。墨西哥在地方和区域尺度上经历了重大的景观变化,对森林覆盖和生物多样性产生负面影响,尤其是在墨西哥东南部的尤卡坦半岛.鉴于景观改造与人畜共患和媒介传播疾病的传播之间的密切关系,制定确定该国南部优先人畜共患病的标准至关重要。
结果:我们回顾了该地区165项已发表的关于人畜共患和媒介传播疾病的研究(2015-2024年)。我们确定了最常见的矢量,水库,和主机,最普遍的感染,以及与传播风险和城市人为景观改造相关的因素,农村,Ecotone,和热带栖息地。人畜共患风险最相关的病原体包括克氏锥虫,虫媒病毒,利什曼原虫,立克次体,钩端螺旋体,和弓形虫.克氏锥虫是媒介传播的病原体,在整个生境中感染的脊椎动物物种数量最多,而影响人数最多的是利什曼原虫和虫媒病毒。狗,猫,后院动物,它们的嗜血体外寄生虫是最有可能在人类住区维持传播周期的物种,而啮齿动物,负鼠,蝙蝠,和其他同食动物促进森林栖息地与人类改造景观之间的联系和传播周期。病原体在景观之间显示出不同的患病率,T.Cruzi,虫媒病毒,钩端螺旋体感染在城市和农村地区最普遍,而利什曼原虫和立克次体在不同栖息地的患病率相似,可能是由于所涉及的受感染媒介的多样性和丰度。弓形虫和钩端螺旋体的患病率。可能反映卫生条件差。此外,结果表明,在森林砍伐地区和农业集合体中,人畜共患和媒介传播疾病的患病率较高,以及卫生和基础设施服务不稳定的地方。
结论:一些主机,向量,YP中人畜共患和媒介传播疾病的传播趋势是众所周知的,但其他趋势仍然鲜为人知。必须加强旨在增加知识的实践,监测,预防,并在区域一级控制这些疾病。我们还强调需要在社会生态系统的角度下进行更大的时空尺度的研究,为了更好地阐明病原体之间的相互作用,主机,向量,环境,以及这个地区和许多其他热带地区的社会文化和经济方面。
BACKGROUND: Habitat modification and land use changes impact ecological interactions and alter the relationships between humans and nature. Mexico has experienced significant landscape modifications at the local and regional scales, with negative effects on forest cover and biological biodiversity, especially in the Yucatan peninsula in southeastern Mexico. Given the close relationship between landscape modification and the transmission of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, it is essential to develop criteria for identifying priority zoonoses in the south of the country.
RESULTS: We reviewed 165 published studies on zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in the region (2015-2024). We identified the most frequent vectors, reservoirs, and hosts, the most prevalent infections, and the factors associated with transmission risk and the anthropogenic landscape modification in urban, rural, ecotone, and sylvatic habitats. The most relevant pathogens of zoonotic risk included Trypanosoma cruzi, arboviruses, Leishmania, Rickettsia, Leptospira, and Toxoplasma gondii. Trypanosoma cruzi was the vector-borne agent with the largest number of infected vertebrate species across habitats, while Leishmania and arboviruses were the ones that affected the greatest number of people. Dogs, cats, backyard animals, and their hematophagous ectoparasites are the most likely species maintaining the transmission cycles in human settlements, while rodents, opossums, bats, and other synanthropic animals facilitate connection and transmission cycles between forested habitats with human-modified landscapes. Pathogens displayed different prevalences between the landscapes, T. cruzi, arbovirus, and Leptospira infections were the most prevalent in urban and rural settlements, whereas Leishmania and Rickettsia had similar prevalence across habitats, likely due to the diversity and abundance of the infected vectors involved. The prevalence of T. gondii and Leptospira spp. may reflect poor hygiene conditions. Additionally, results suggest that prevalence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases is higher in deforested areas and agricultural aggregates, and in sites with precarious health and infrastructure services.
CONCLUSIONS: Some hosts, vectors, and transmission trends of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in the YP are well known but others remain poorly recognized. It is imperative to reinforce practices aimed at increasing the knowledge, monitoring, prevention, and control of these diseases at the regional level. We also emphasize the need to perform studies on a larger spatio-temporal scale under the socio-ecosystem perspective, to better elucidate the interactions between pathogens, hosts, vectors, environment, and sociocultural and economic aspects in this and many other tropical regions.