UNASSIGNED: In patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), the lifetime prevalence of self-harm (SH) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is currently uncertain. The primary aim of this review was to provide a synthesis of the existing literature concerning the prevalence of SH/NSSI in individuals with SSD, and individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P). Secondary aims were to investigate methods, severity, and functions of self-injurious behavior in these populations.
UNASSIGNED: Studies quantifying the prevalence of SH/NSSI in individuals with SSD or at CHR-P were included in this review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo were searched for eligible studies June 10, 2022 and systematically screened by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joana Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis of the lifetime prevalence of SH/NSSI was conducted using generalized linear mixed model with the logit transformation.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-two studies were included in this review (n = 15 440), 4 of which included individuals at CHR-P (n = 397). The meta-analysis showed a pooled lifetime prevalence of SH of 31.0% (95% CI: 22.1%; 41.6%) in individuals with SSD (n = 2822) and 39.7% (95% CI: 17.5%; 70.0%) in individuals at CHR-P (n = 397). These estimates should be interpreted with caution due to substantial heterogeneity. Cutting was the most frequent method of SH/NSSI and SH command hallucinations may be an overlooked cause of self-injurious behavior in these patients.
UNASSIGNED: Self-injurious behavior is a highly prevalent, and possibly overlooked concern, in individuals with SSD and at CHR-P.

UNASSIGNED: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) dependence is increasingly prevalent among young individuals globally, with limited understanding of their potential detrimental effects. Therefore, we conducted this comparative study to assess impulsivity and non-suicidal self-harm behavior in patients with SCs dependence.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted this comparative, case-control study in the outpatient clinics of (Beni-suef University Hospital). We recruited 30 patients with SCs dependence and the 30 healthy subjects as a control group. Psychometric scales, including Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11), Deliberate Self-harm Inventory-Short Version (DSHI), SCID I, SCID II, and drug urine screen, were applied to compare the two study arms.
UNASSIGNED: DSHI-s scores were significantly higher between the two study arms (3.23 ± 4.97 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0, p < 0.001, for cases and controls, respectively). Similarly, the mean ± SD score of the BIS scale was significantly higher in cases 68.13 ± 9.75 compared to the control group (45.67 ± 5.12) with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Using the regression analysis, we observed a significant positive linkage between age, duration of substance use, DSHI-s, and the Barratt scale.
UNASSIGNED: Patients with synthetic cannabis addiction exhibited more impulsivity and self-harm behaviors compared to healthy controls. The adverse effects of substance use disorder escalated, notably in individuals classified as having severe addiction based on the Addiction Severity Index. Age and length of substance use were found to be potential factors influencing the level of impulsivity and self-harm actions.

UNASSIGNED: Despite indications that patients with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) as a result of deliberate self-harm have more complex presentations and lower rehabilitation outcomes (Brenner, 2009)1, there is nominal published literature that considers adjustments to care for these individuals. A multifaceted and emotionally triggering subject, laced with clinical and ethical considerations, the lack of published articles may indicate the complexities surrounding this topic.
UNASSIGNED: This case study reflects on the care of a young man on a specialist brain injury unit who had devastating physical and cognitive disabilities after a significant drug overdose. Because the patient was unable to make informed treatment choices, all medical care was delivered in the patient\'s best interest amidst questions and doubts about the value of continuing life-saving treatments and escalation plans.
UNASSIGNED: This article is not to defend or challenge the decisions made during this patient\'s care, but reflects on the complexity and impact of these situations on the patient, the family, and the care team. The patient\'s father gave permission for this case review publication.
UNASSIGNED: Further investigation is needed to better understand the challenges faced by this population and to determine if bespoke pathways and therapy considerations are necessary to address these specific circumstances.

UNASSIGNED: Substance abuse is prevalent among males, and mindfulness could serve as a means of helping individuals suffering from the adverse effects of substance abuse find relief.
UNASSIGNED: This study employed a one-group repeated-measure design and aimed to evaluate the effects of the mindfulness program on stress, deliberate self-harm, and drug abstinence intention among male substance abusers.
UNASSIGNED: The mindfulness program was implemented for Thai males with a history of narcotic drug use. Five participants were recruited from a rehabilitation institute in Thailand using convenience sampling. The program consisted of eight sessions over four weeks. The study outcomes were measured at three time points: pre-intervention (Time 1, Week 1), post-intervention (Time 2, Week 4), and follow-up (Time 3, Week 6). Research instruments included the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Drug Abstinence Intention Questionnaire, all of which had Cronbach\'s alpha values above 0.80. Data analysis was carried out using the Friedman test and Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test.
UNASSIGNED: The eight-session program was implemented as intended, with a retention rate of 100%. The mean scores of deliberate self-harm and drug abstinence intention were significantly different across the three time points (χ2 = 10.000 and χ2 = 9.579, p <0.01, respectively). After conducting pairwise comparisons, the mean scores of deliberate self-harm at Time 2 and Time 3 were significantly lower than those at Time 1. Additionally, the mean scores of drug abstinence intention at Time 2 and Time 3 were higher than those at Time 1. However, the mean score of stress did not have a significant difference.
UNASSIGNED: This program was both acceptable and effective in reducing deliberate self-harm and improving drug abstinence intention. These findings suggest that nurses and healthcare teams involved in caring for individuals with substance abuse issues could utilize this intervention alongside other therapies or hospital treatments. Consequently, relapse prevention among substance abusers could be achieved.Thai Clinical Trials Registry Number: TCTR20230404001.

BACKGROUND: For children and adolescents, deliberate self-harm (DSH) is becoming a mental health problem of concern. Despite several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world, there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in China. This study explores the prevalence, types, associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China.
OBJECTIVE: To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related factors.
METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019, extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients, and analyzed clinical risk factors of DSH.
RESULTS: A total of 239 (16.90%) patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our study. Cutting (n = 115, 48.12%) was the most common type of DSH. Females (n = 171, 71.55%) were more likely to engage in DSH than males (n = 68, 28.45%). DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders [OR = 3.845 (2.196-6.732); P < 0.01], female [OR = 2.536 (1.815-3.542); P < 0.01], parental marital status [OR = 5.387 (2.254-12.875); P < 0.01] and negative family history of psychiatric illness [OR = 7.767 (2.952-20.433); P < 0.01], but not with occupation, substance use and history of physical abuse.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that for patients with depression, females, an abnormal marriage of parents, and no history of mental illness, attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics, responses to negative emotions, and difficulties in emotion regulation between self-harming adolescents and control individuals aged 12-14 years from the community.
UNASSIGNED: Data were collected from adolescents in Chungcheong Province, South Korea, between September 2021 and November 2022. Demographic characteristics and responses to the Depressed Mood Questionnaire and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16 (DERS-16) were compared between the self-harm and control groups.
UNASSIGNED: The self-harm group exhibited a higher prevalence of child abuse (odds ratio [OR]=4.787, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.591-14.409, p=0.005) and school bullying victimization (OR=4.495, 95% CI=2.353-8.588, p<0.001) than those in the control group. The selfharm group displayed higher levels of rumination (t=7.88, p<0.001) and reduced distraction responses (reverse score t=2.25, p=0.025) than those of the control group. Additionally, the self-harm group scored higher on all subscales and the total DERS-16 score (t=7.61, p<0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Interventions for self-harming adolescents should address child abuse and bullying victimization. Prevention programs for self-harming adolescents should focus on reducing rumination responses, increasing distractive responses, and addressing difficulties in emotion regulation using dialectical behavior therapy-skill training.

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders that follow traumatic experience may increase risk of suicidality, but a comprehensive approach to understand how these mental disorders mediate the association between psychological traumatic experience and suicidality should be elucidated. In this study, we attempted to provide comprehensive evidence on how depressive symptoms and neuroticism can mediate the association between psychological traumatic experiences and suicidal behaviours including suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempts.
METHODS: We analyzed 111,931 participants from UK Biobank who had completed mental health web-based questionnaire from 2016 to 2017. \"Self-harm and suicidal behaviour and ideation (SSBI) score\" was calculated by the response from suicidal behaviours and self-harm questionnaires. Conducting multivariate linear regression, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and neuroticism were selected as potential mediators. We constructed a latent class mediation model estimated direct effect of psychological traumatic events on suicidality and indirect effect of psychological traumatic events mediated by depressive symptoms and neuroticism.
RESULTS: Psychological traumatic events were positively associated with suicidal behaviours. Depressive symptoms and neuroticism significantly mediated the effect of psychological traumatic events on suicidality. Anxiety symptoms did not mediate the association between psychological traumatic events and suicidality.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological traumatic events, irrespective of life stage of occurrence, are associated with suicidality. The association between psychological traumatic events and suicidality can be partially explained by depressive symptoms and neuroticism of those who were exposed to psychological trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare prospective reports of child maltreatment (CM) with emergency department (ED) presentations for deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal ideation in individuals aged between 25 and 39 years old.
METHODS: Linked records between the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy birth cohort and Queensland administrative health data were used, which included notifications to child protection agencies for CM. ED presentations for individuals aged between 25 and 39 years of age for suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviour or poisoning by paracetamol or psychotropic medications where the intention was unclear were examined using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 609 (10.1%) individuals were the subject of one or more CM notifications for neglect or physical, sexual or emotional abuse before the age of 15 years. Of these, 250 (4.1%) presented at least once to ED for DSH and/or suicidal ideation between 25 and 39 years of age. In adjusted analysis, any notification of CM was associated with significantly increased odds of presenting to ED for these reasons (aOR = 2.80; 95% CI = 2.04-3.84). In sensitivity analyses, any notification of CM increased the odds of the combined outcome of DSH and suicidal ideation by 275% (aOR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.96-4.06) and increased the odds of DSH alone by 269% (aOR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.65-4.41).
CONCLUSIONS: All CM types (including emotional abuse and neglect) were associated with ED presentations for DSH and suicidal ideation in individuals between 25 and 39 years of age. These findings have important implications for the prevention of DSH, suicidal ideation and other health outcomes. They also underscore the importance of trauma-informed care in ED for all individuals presenting with DSH and suicidal ideation.

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic rapidly and drastically impacted everyday life and relationships. Fear of contracting and spreading the virus brought governments and individuals to adopt strict social distancing measures. These changes have had a significant negative impact on mental health, including a suggested increase in suicidal behaviors. The present study examined the role of interpersonal stress and connectedness in suicidal ideation, deliberate self-harm, suicide attempts, and the suicide crisis syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: An international sample of 7837 adult participants was recruited across ten participating countries to complete an anonymous online battery of self-report questionnaires. Questionnaires assessed suicide-related outcomes, stressful life events (SLE), and connectedness. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine the associations between SLE and connectedness on suicide-related outcomes within the past month.
RESULTS: Interpersonal SLEs and low connectedness were associated with an increased likelihood of suicide-related outcomes and increased severity of suicide crisis syndrome. Specifically, higher rates of SLEs and lower levels of connectedness were associated with more suicide-related outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a cross-sectional design and snowball sampling method may restrict the ability to establish causal relationships and limit the representativeness of the findings.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest elevated suicide-related outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals experiencing multiple interpersonal stressful life events and low connectedness with others. The circumstances of social life during the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgency of implementing preventive programs aimed at mitigating potential suicide risks that may arise in the aftermath of public stress situations.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring self-reported suicide attempts (SA) with nationally representative surveys is important to initiate suicide prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of SA and compare deliberate self-harm, (DSH), mental health, drug misuse and traumas between SA and non-suicide attempters (NSA).
METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey of a representative sample (N=1757) of the Norwegian population, we compared people with self-reported SA (n=54) to NSA (n=1703) regarding sociodemographic data, mental health problems, drug misuse and exposure to trauma.
RESULTS: The prevalence of SA was 3.1 %. There was a higher proportion of welfare recipients and more deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumas in the SA group compared to NSA.
CONCLUSIONS: This national study confirms the association between suicide attempt and deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumas.