UNASSIGNED:细胞凋亡是疟疾的常见病理,大多数抗疟药物在化疗期间诱导细胞凋亡。Globimetulabraunii是一种非洲槲寄生,用于治疗疟疾,但其对线粒体介导的细胞凋亡的影响尚不清楚。
UNASSIGNED:通过将NK65菌株伯氏疟原虫感染的红细胞腹膜内注射到用分级剂量(100-400mg/kg)的甲醇提取物(ME)处理的小鼠中,和正己烷的馏分,二氯甲烷,乙酸乙酯和甲醇(HF,DF,EF和MF)确认寄生虫血症后9天。使用阿替喹(10mg/kg)作为对照药物。在确认寄生虫血症后,使用具有最高抗疟原虫活性的部分(相同剂量)连续5天治疗感染氯喹抗性(ANKA)菌株的小鼠。P-alaxin(10mg/kg)用作对照药物。在治疗的最后一天,分离肝线粒体,线粒体通透性转换(mPT)孔开放,线粒体F0F1ATP酶(mATPase)活性,脂质过氧化(mLPO)和肝脏脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)片段通过分光光度法进行评估。通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)技术测定胱天蛋白酶3和9。细胞色素c,P53,Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax),和B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl2)通过免疫组织化学确定。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析确定了金钱草粗甲醇提取物的植物化学成分。
未经证实:疟疾寄生虫有大幅度的mPT诱导,globimetulabraunii的提取物和部分。在400毫克/千克,HF显著(p<0.01)下调mATPase活性,和mLPO(易感和抗性)模型,导致DNA片段化(P<0.0001),诱导半胱天冬酶激活,P53,bax和细胞色素c释放,但在两个模型中下调Bcl2。对金钱草甲醇提取物的GC-MS分析表明,α-amyrin是最丰富的植物化学物质。
UASSIGNED:布劳尼的正己烷部分通过线粒体孔的开放诱导线粒体介导的细胞凋亡,基因组DNA片段化,P53,bax,胱天蛋白酶3和9的激活和细胞色素c的释放伴随着Bcl2水平的降低。α-Amyrin是具有凋亡作用的三萜。
UNASSIGNED: Apoptosis is a common pathology in malaria and most antimalarial drugs induce apoptosis during chemotherapy. Globimetula braunii is an African mistletoe used for the treatment of malaria but its effect on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is not known.
UNASSIGNED: Malarial infection was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of NK 65 strain Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes into mice which were treated with graded doses (100-400 mg/kg) of methanol extract (ME), and fractions of n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and methanol (HF, DF, EF and MF) for 9 days after the confirmation of parasitemia. Artequine (10 mg/kg) was used as control drug. The fraction with the highest antiplasmodial activity was used (same dose) to treat mice infected with chloroquine-resistant (ANKA) strain for 5 consecutive days after the confirmation of parasitemia. P-alaxin (10 mg/kg) was used as control drug. On the last day of the treatment, liver mitochondria were isolated and mitochondrial Permeability Transition (mPT) pore opening, mitochondrial F0F1 ATPase (mATPase) activity, lipid peroxidation (mLPO) and liver deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation were assessed spectrophotometrically. Caspases 3 and 9 were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Cytochrome c, P53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) were determined via immunohistochemistry. Phytochemical constituents of the crude methanol extract of Globimetula braunii were determined via the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
UNASSIGNED: There was large amplitude mPT induction by malaria parasites, extract and fractions of Globimetula braunii. At 400 mg/kg, HF significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated mATPase activity, and mLPO in both (susceptible and resistant) models, caused DNA fragmentation (P < 0.0001), induced caspases activation, P53, bax and cytochrome c release but downregulated Bcl2 in both models. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of Globimetula braunii showed that α-amyrin is the most abundant phytochemical.
UNASSIGNED: The n-hexane fraction of Globimetula braunii induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through the opening of the mitochondrial pore, fragmentation of genomic DNA, increase in the levels of P53, bax, caspase 3 and 9 activation and cytochrome c release with concomitant decrease in the level of Bcl2. α-Amyrin is a triterpene with apoptotic effects.