目的:为了提供目前可用的传播证据,临床,诊断方法,治疗,以及预防儿童时期发生的主要虫媒病毒的方法。
方法:在MEDLINE(PubMed)中进行的非系统综述,LILACS(VHL),Scopus,WebofScience,科克伦,CAPES门户,和谷歌学者数据库在过去五年中使用搜索词虫媒病毒,登革热,基孔肯雅,Zika,Mayaro,和西尼罗河热,和孩子一样,新生,和青少年。
■虫媒病毒的主要特征是其复制周期的一部分发生在昆虫载体内部,因此通过蚊子(食血节肢动物)的叮咬典型地传播给人类,尽管这些病毒的非载体传播在特定情况下也是可能的。这些疾病仍然是主要的公共卫生挑战,由于缺乏特定的抗病毒治疗,不同虫媒病毒在流行/流行地区的共同传播,对这些病毒中的绝大多数缺乏有效和安全的免疫接种,以及病媒控制的巨大困难,尤其是在大型城市中心。
结论:由于促进最严重形式发展的特征,儿童特别容易受到此类疾病的影响。对这组疾病的更详细的知识可以让儿科医生更早地诊断它们,实施正确的治疗,监测最严重形式的警告标志,并建立有效的预防措施。
OBJECTIVE: To present the currently available evidence on transmission, clinical, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prevention methods of major arboviruses that occur in childhood.
METHODS: Non-systematic review carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (VHL), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, CAPES Portal, and Google Scholar databases for the past five years using the search terms arboviruses, dengue, chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and West Nile fever, as well as child, newborn, and adolescent.
UNASSIGNED: The main characteristic of arboviruses is the fact that part of their replication cycle occurs inside insect vectors, thus being classically transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes (hematophagous arthropods), although non-vector transmission of these viruses is also possible in specific situations. These diseases remain a major public health challenge, due to the lack of specific antiviral treatment, the co-circulation of different arboviruses in endemic/epidemic regions, the lack of effective and safe immunizations for the vast majority of these viruses, and the great difficulty in vector control, especially in large urban centers.
CONCLUSIONS: Children are especially vulnerable to this group of diseases due to characteristics that facilitate the development of the most severe forms. More detailed knowledge of this group of diseases allows the pediatrician to diagnose them earlier, implement the correct treatment, monitor warning signs for the most severe forms, and establish effective preventive measures.