面部是自我认同的关键线索,而代理意识在通过环境行动确定我们的影响力方面起着重要作用。当前的研究调查了通过面部识别的自我识别如何通过运动影响控制的感知。我们认为,自我认同可能会产生一种信念,控制自己的脸,导致更敏锐的检测,并更加强调他们的行为与控制判断中的感觉反馈之间的差异。我们将受控制信念支配的条件称为剥削模式。相反,当操纵另一个人的脸时,个人控制的信念是不存在的。在这种情况下,个体可能依赖于动作和感官输入之间的规律性来进行控制判断,表现出自然界中探索性的行为来收集这些信息。这种情况被称为探索模式。这项研究利用了面部运动混合范式,采用深度生成模型,使参与者能够通过面部和头部运动与自己或他人的面部进行交互。在实验过程中,参与者观察自己的脸或别人的脸(自我面对与其他脸)在屏幕上。面部的运动纯粹由他们自己的面部和头部运动驱动,或者由参与者和实验者的平均运动驱动(完全控制与部分控制)。结果显示,参与者报告的代理感比其他面孔比自我面孔更高,而他们的自我认同评分明显高于自我面对。更重要的是,控制别人的脸导致更多的运动多样性比控制自己的脸。这些发现支持了我们的探索开发理论:当参与者对自我面对引发的控制有强烈的信念时,他们对任何感觉运动预测错误变得高度敏感,导致较低的代理意识。相比之下,当缺乏控制的信念时,探索模式引发了更多的探索行为,允许参与者有效地收集信息以建立代理意识。
The face serves as a crucial cue for self-identification, while the sense of agency plays a significant role in determining our influence through actions in the environment. The current study investigates how self-identification through facial recognition may influence the perception of
control via motion. We propose that self-identification might engender a belief in having
control over one\'s own face, leading to a more acute detection and greater emphasis on discrepancies between their actions and the sensory feedback in control judgments. We refer to the condition governed by the belief in having
control as the exploitation mode. Conversely, when manipulating another individual\'s face, the belief in personal
control is absent. In such cases, individuals are likely to rely on the regularity between actions and sensory input for control judgments, exhibiting behaviors that are exploratory in nature to glean such information. This condition is termed the explorative mode. The study utilized a face-motion mixing paradigm, employing a deep generative model to enable participants to interact with either their own or another person\'s face through facial and head movements. During the experiment, participants observed either their own face or someone else\'s face (self-face vs. other-face) on the screen. The motion of the face was driven either purely by their own facial and head motion or by an average of the participant\'s and the experimenter\'s motion (full control vs. partial
control). The results showed that participants reported a higher sense of agency over the other-face than the self-face, while their self-identification rating was significantly higher for the self-face. More importantly, controlling someone else\'s face resulted in more movement diversity than controlling one\'s own face. These findings support our exploration-exploitation theory: When participants had a strong belief in control triggered by the self-face, they became highly sensitive to any sensorimotor prediction errors, leading to a lower sense of agency. In contrast, when the belief of control was absent, the exploration mode triggered more explorative behaviors, allowing participants to efficiently gather information to establish a sense of agency.