德黑兰,伊朗首都,由于快速城市化,几十年来一直面临空气污染,人口增长,车辆使用不当,和低质量的燃料。在这项研究中,被动地从位于城市中部和人口稠密地区的住宅和商业建筑中收集了31个室内灰尘样品。这些样品在制备后进行分析,以测量元素的浓度(As,Be,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,V,锌)。采用统计数据分析来比较它们在各种用途中的关系,变体,以及来源识别。利用污染因子(CF)和污染负荷指数(PLI)的地球化学指标来评估污染程度。锌的平均浓度,Cu,和Pb(分别为938、206和176µgg-1)比全球城市土壤中的平均值高6、5和3倍。此外,Cd,Mo,镍的浓度高出约1.5倍,而As,Co,Cr,Mn,Sr落在参考土壤的范围内。Be,V,和Sb显示明显较低的平均值。除Pb和Zn外,建筑物的使用并未显着影响室内沉积粉尘中的元素含量。将室内浓度与先前发布的室外灰尘数据进行比较,发现Mo的富集更高,Cu,Pb,Ni,而As,Cd,锌在街道灰尘样品中显示出较低的富集。CF值的顺序为Hg>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>As>Ni>Cr>Co>V。Zn,Pb,Cd,和铜,所有或几乎所有样品都表现出非常高的污染。PLI值始终高于1,表明所有样品中的污染。多元统计分析和德黑兰的特定地理位置表明,镁铁质中间火山岩是Cr的主要来源,Cu,Fe,和Ni(PC1)。As,Pb,和V(PC2)归因于车辆和住宅建筑中的化石燃料燃烧。Pb是使用含铅汽油后残留的传统金属,在1990年代被淘汰。Zn(PC3)来源于车辆轮胎。
Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has been facing air pollution for several decades due to rapid urbanization, population growth, improper vehicle use, and the low quality of fuels. In this study, 31 indoor dust samples were collected passively from residential and commercial buildings located in the central and densely populated districts of the city. These samples were analyzed after preparation to measure the concentration of elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). Statistical data analyses were employed to compare their relationship across various uses, variations, and for source identification. Geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to evaluate the degree of contamination. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb (938, 206, and 176 µg g-1, respectively) are 6, 5, and 3 times higher than their mean values in worldwide urban soils. Additionally, Cd, Mo, and Ni showed concentrations about 1.5 times higher, while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Sr fell within the range of reference soils. Be, V, and Sb displayed remarkably lower mean values. Building use did not significantly influence element levels in indoor deposited dust except for Pb and Zn. A comparison of indoor concentrations with previously published data for outdoor dusts revealed higher enrichments of Mo, Cu, Pb, and Ni, while As, Cd, and Zn showed lower enrichments in street dust samples. The order of CF values indicated Hg > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co > V. For Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all or almost all samples exhibited very high contamination. PLI values were consistently higher than 1, indicating contamination in all samples. Multivariate statistical analysis and Tehran\'s specific geological location suggested that mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks are primary sources for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni (PC1). As, Pb, and V (PC2) were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and residential buildings. Pb is a legacy metal remaining from the use of leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the 1990s. Zn (PC3) is derived from vehicle tires.