Abstract：
The presence of elevated levels of heavy metals in soil poses a significant environmental concern with implications for human health and other organisms. The main objective of our study was to reduce the gap information of seasonal abundance, distribution of heavy metals in soil, leaf litter, and some macroinvertebrates in a citrus orchard (Citrus sinensis) in Sohag Governorate, Egypt. The heavy metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Degree of contamination (DC) was determined for both soil and leaf litter contamination. However, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was estimated to determine metal accumulation in the macroinvertebrates including earwigs Anisolabis maritima, chilopoda Scolopendra moristans, spider Dysdera crocata, and earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. The study area had clay-loam with varying organic matter, salinity, and pH levels. The degree of contamination varied among seasons, with the highest levels typically observed in autumn in both soil and leaf litter. The soil ranged from low contamination (1.82) to high contamination levels (4.4), while the leaf litter showed extremely high (30.03) to ultra-high (85.92) contamination levels. The mean ecological risk index results indicated that the sampling area had moderate ecological risk levels for Cd (44.3), Zn (42.17), and Pb (80.05), and extremely high levels for Cu (342.5). Heavy metal concentrations in the selected fauna were the highest in autumn, and the bioaccumulation factor varied among species and seasons with some species classified as e-concentrators, micro-concentrators, and macro-concentrators of certain heavy metals. Scolopendra moristans exhibited the highest mean metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, and Zn), while Aporrectodea caliginosa had the lowest. Thus, the differences in heavy metal concentrations found in different soil taxa highlight the significance of taxing a holistic understanding of feeding mechanisms into account when evaluating the potential risk for animals that consume invertebrates.
摘要：
土壤中重金属含量的升高对人类健康和其他生物造成了重大的环境问题。我们研究的主要目的是减少季节丰度的差距信息，重金属在土壤中的分布，落叶,和Sohag省柑橘园（Citrussinensis）中的一些大型无脊椎动物，埃及。重金属铜（Cu），锌(Zn),铅(Pb),用原子吸收光谱法测定镉(Cd)。确定土壤和落叶污染的污染程度（DC）。然而,估计了生物积累因子（BAF）以确定大型无脊椎动物中的金属积累，包括AriwigsAnisolabismaritima，chilopaodascolopendramoristans,蜘蛛Dysderacrocata,和蚯蚓。研究区域有不同有机质的粘土壤土，盐度,和pH值。污染程度因季节而异，通常在秋季在土壤和落叶中观察到最高水平。土壤范围从低污染(1.82)到高污染水平(4.4)，而落叶显示出极高（30.03）至超高（85.92）的污染水平。平均生态风险指数结果表明，采样区对Cd具有中等生态风险水平（44.3），锌（42.17），和铅（80.05），和极高水平的铜（342.5）。选定动物群中的重金属浓度在秋季最高，生物累积因子因物种和季节而异，有些物种被归类为电子浓缩器，微型浓缩器，和某些重金属的大型浓缩器。Scolopendramoristans表现出最高的平均金属浓度(Cd，Pb,和锌），而卡利吉诺萨的最低。因此，在不同土壤类群中发现的重金属浓度的差异突出了在评估食用无脊椎动物的动物的潜在风险时，对饲养机制的全面理解征税的重要性。
