迪德里克布谷鸟,金尾尾囊,是Cuculidae家族中的一种小型非洲鸟。在分类学上与金鸡属中的13种其他物种有关,并在撒哈拉以南非洲迁徙。它具有作为育卵寄生虫的独特繁殖行为:繁殖对在宿主物种的巢中产卵,而孵化期则排出宿主物种的卵。本研究的目的是研究两个昼夜节律基因的多样性,Clock和Adcyap1,以探讨遗传多态性之间的关系及其在非洲内部移民中每年的时间和栖息地选择(物候)中的作用。从血液中提取的DNA用于30只Diederik杜鹃的时钟基因的PCR扩增和测序。在北方和南方育种范围的个体之间检测到具有相似基因型的Clock的三个等位基因,而在Adcyap1检测到10个等位基因,在北方具有较短的等位基因,在南方具有较长的等位基因。群体遗传分析,包括等位基因频率和接合性分析,显示最丰富的Clock等位基因明显更高的频率,含有10个多聚谷氨酰胺重复序列,以及高度的纯合性。相比之下,所有个体都是Adcyap1的杂合子,两个区域的等位基因在丰度上表现出明显的差异。时钟基因和物候之间的比较发现了几种表型相关性。这包括较短等位基因与栖息地选择之间的关系以及较长等位基因与时间之间的关系的证据。在这两种情况下,有证据表明,这些影响可能是性别特异性的。鉴于这些基因驱动环境和鸟类生命周期之间的一些同步性,它们提供了对面临包括气候变化在内的全球挑战的物种适应性的宝贵见解,城市化和扩大农业实践。
DieDiederikkoekoek,金尾尾囊,是'KleinAfrotropiesevoelindieCuculidaefamily。在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲,在非洲遇到了异形动物(在异形动物中发现了异形动物)(在异形动物中发现了异形动物)。Diedoelwitvandiehuidigestudie在tweegenevandiesirkadieseklok中有所不同,ClockenAdcyap1,teondersoekommoontlikeverwantskappetussenpolimorfismeenfenologiesoostydsberekeningenhabitatkuusete.DNSvanaf开花的怪物是dertigDiederikkoekoek中的gebruikvirPKRplenfikasieenreeksbepaling。Drie等位基因是bespeurvirdieClockgeen,遇见了异性恋者范·贝德死了诺德利克和Suideliketelingstreke,terwyltien等位基因是vir死亡Adcyap1geen,在dieSuid的Noord和Langer等位基因中遇到了korter等位基因。Genetieseanalisevandiepopulasies,insluitendalleelfrekwensieensigositeit,hetkenmerkendhorfrekwensiesgetoonvirdiemeesalgemeneClockgeen,遇到了田波利-glutamienherhalings,sowelas'nhoyematevanhomosigositeit.在青少年时期,阿奇亚1在伴侣中遇到了像阿奇亚一样的异类。Vergelykingstussenbeide基因enfenologiehetverskeiekorrelasiesontblot。Onderandere是栖息地seleksiesowel中的tekensvir'nverwantskaptussenkorter等位基因,如Langer等位基因和tydsberekeninggevind。在Beidegevalle是verderebewysegelewerdatdieeffekseks-spessifiekmagwees。Aangesienhierdiegenedieritmiekvanjaarlikseleguerverskafhulbelangrikeinsigtotdiefiksheidvanspesieswatglobaleuitdagingsdiehoofbied。
The Diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius, is a small Afrotropical bird in the family Cuculidae. It is taxonomically related to 13 other species within the genus Chrysococcyx and is migratory in sub-Saharan Africa. It has a unique breeding behaviour of being a brood parasite: Breeding pairs lay their eggs in the nests of a host species and hatchlings expel the eggs of the host species. The aim of the present study was to investigate diversity in two circadian
clock genes,
Clock and Adcyap1, to probe for a relationship between genetic polymorphisms and their role in circannual timing and habitat selection (phenology) in intra-African migrants. DNA extracted from blood was used for the PCR amplification and sequencing of
clock genes in 30 Diederik cuckoos. Three alleles were detected for
Clock with similar genotypes between individuals from the Northern and Southern breeding ranges while 10 alleles were detected for Adcyap1, having shorter alleles in the North and longer alleles in the South. Population genetic analyses, including allele frequency and zygosity analysis, showed distinctly higher frequencies for the most abundant
Clock allele, containing 10 polyglutamine repeats, as well as a high degree of homozygosity. In contrast, all individuals were heterozygous for Adcyap1 and alleles from both regions showed distinct differences in abundance. Comparisons between both
clock genes and phenology found several phenotypic correlations. This included evidence of a relationship between the shorter alleles and habitat selection as well as a relationship between longer alleles and timing. In both instances, evidence is provided that these effects may be sex-specific. Given that these genes drive some of the synchronicity between environments and the life cycles of birds, they provide valuable insight into the fitness of species facing global challenges including climate change, urbanisation and expanding agricultural practices.
Die Diederik koekoek, Chrysococcyx caprius, is ’n klein Afrotropiese voël in die Cuculidae familie. Dit is taksonomies verwant aan dertien ander spesies in die genus Chrysococcyx en is ’n migrant in sub‐Sahara Africa met die unieke teling fenologie van broeisparasietisme (broeipare lê nul eiers in die neste van gasheerspesies en kuikens verwyder die eiers van hul gashere). Die doelwit van die huidige studie is om diversiteit in twee gene van die sirkadiese klok, Clock en Adcyap1, te ondersoek om moontlike verwantskappe tussen polimorfisme en fenologie soos tydsberekening en habitat keuse te ontleed. DNS vanaf bloed monsters was gebruik vir PKR amplifikasie en reeksbepaling in dertig Diederik koekoek. Drie allele was bespeur vir die Clock geen, met soortgelyke genotipes onder individue van beide die Noordelike en Suidelike teling streke, terwyl tien allele bespeur is vir die Adcyap1 geen, met korter allele in die Noord en langer allele in die Suid. Genetiese analise van die populasies, insluitend alleel frekwensie en sigositeit, het kenmerkend hoër frekwensies getoon vir die mees algemene Clock geen, met tien poli‐glutamien herhalings, sowel as ‘n hoë mate van homosigositeit. In teenstelling was alle individue heterosigoties vir die Adcyap1 geen met afsonderlike verskille in mate. Vergelykings tussen beide gene en fenologie het verskeie korrelasies ontbloot. Onder andere is tekens vir ‘n verwantskap tussen korter allele en habitat seleksie sowel as langer allele en tydsberekening gevind. In beide gevalle is verdere bewyse gelewer dat die effek seks‐spesifiek mag wees. Aangesien hierdie gene die ritmiek van jaarlikse lewensiklusse reguleer verskaf hul belangrike insig tot die fiksheid van spesies wat globale uitdagings die hoof bied.