气候行动远未达到国际商定的适应和减缓目标。尽管自2015年《巴黎协定》以来气候行动计划有所增加,但这些计划的执行率仍然很低。气候规划文献声称,考虑到长期规划和实施时间,准确估计成本,确定措施之间的协同作用和权衡,或考虑公正和公平问题可能会提高气候计划的质量,并促进进一步实施气候行动。此外,没有统一的应对气候危机的方法。现有的气候行动数据库通常侧重于特定类型的响应,部门,危险,或类型。并行,各国政府和国际倡议提供了促进制定气候行动计划的工具和指导方针。然而,主要的气候行动记录和监测举措和项目与这些工具不具有相同的框架,导致失去了改善气候行动知识可转移性的机会。因此,我们审查了九个现有的适应数据库和五个缓解数据库,包括总共7.130项适应行动和11.409项缓解行动,并发现与气候规划实践和主张缺乏一致性。此外,我们发现在气候行动的抽象水平及其在实施过程中的作用方面缺乏一致性。从规划的角度来看,并非所有的气候行动都有类似的运作:虽然有些行动对目标指标有直接影响,其他人被认为是为了促进他们的实施。最终,我们在欧洲创建了一个新的适应和缓解措施综合数据库,专注于气候规划和实施实践。首先,我们通过最初设计的决策树确定了具体和可转移的缓解和适应措施和工具。第二,我们在一个独特的框架内协调了气候行动的收集,该框架基于最大的气候规划举措之一:市长盟约的可持续和能源气候行动计划。我们的适应和缓解措施综合数据库(1)对不同类型的气候行动进行分类和关联;(2)提供可能提高气候计划质量并促进实施的数据;(3)通过确定潜在的协同作用和权衡,可以更好地看待系统问题;(4)使用借鉴实际实践的框架来定义和表征措施。该数据库共编制了191项适应措施,188项缓解措施,和97项措施,以及总计609项相关文书。为了监测他们的结果,93可持续发展目标包括相关指标。
Climate action is far from meeting the internationally agreed adaptation and mitigation goals. Even though climate action planning has increased since the Paris Agreement in 2015, the implementation rate of those plans remains low. Climate planning literature claims that accounting for long-term planning and implementation times, accurately estimating costs, identifying synergies and trade-offs between measures, or considering justice and equity issues might increase the quality of climate plans and facilitate the further implementation of climate actions. Also, there is no uniform way of responding to the climate crisis. Existing climate action databases typically focus on a particular type of response, sector, hazard, or type. In parallel, national governments and international initiatives provide tools and guidelines to facilitate the development of climate action plans. However, the primary climate action recording and monitoring initiatives and projects do not share the same framework as those tools, resulting in a lost opportunity to improve climate actions\' knowledge transferability. Thus, we reviewed nine existing databases of adaptation and five mitigation databases, comprising a total of 7.130 adaptation actions and 11.409 mitigation actions, and detected a lack of alignment with climate planning practices and claims. Furthermore, we revealed a lack of coherency regarding the level of abstraction of climate actions and their role in the implementation process. Not all climate actions are meant to operate similarly from a planning perspective: while some had a direct outcome on the target indicators, others are thought to facilitate their implementation. Ultimately, we created a new integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures in Europe, focusing exclusively on climate planning and implementation practices. First, we identified specific and transferable mitigation and adaptation measures and instruments through an originally designed decision tree. Second, we harmonised the collection of climate actions in a unique framework based on one of the biggest climate planning initiatives: the Sustainable and Energy Climate Action Plans by the Covenant of Mayors. Our integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures (1) classifies and relates the different types of climate actions; (2) provides data that may improve the quality of climate plans and facilitate implementation; (3) allows a better perspective of systematic problems by identifying potential synergies and trade-offs; and (4) defines and characterises measures using a framework that draws on actual practice. The database compiles a total of 191 adaptation measures, 188 mitigation measures, and 97 measures that account for each, and a total of 609 associated instruments. For monitoring their outcomes, 93 Sustainable Development Goals relevant indicators are included.