This mini-review emphasises the role of municipal solid waste (MSW) as the biggest contributor to climate change, as well as the need for more grounded climate action. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2023 Synthesis Report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue Key Finding 3 of applying the \'whole-of-society\' approach in this article is interpreted as a cultural approach in MSW management planning and implementation process. Using anthropological critiques of development, the cultural approach is frequently considered an obstacle or a justification for a project\'s failure rather than an important aspect of the people being developed. Therefore, the goal of this mini-review is to showcase the findings and explore the practical application of UNFCCC Key Finding 3, emphasising its importance in every phase of the solid waste management process for climate action. This mini-review argues that applying a cultural perspective presents both opportunities and challenges. More importantly, without careful acknowledgement and consideration, opportunities can become challenges, if not vice versa. The discussion section explores the ways in which religious and economic conditions might offer a contextual understanding and effective techniques for managing MSW at the local level. To apply Key Finding 3 in practice, academia needs to move away from generality and embrace multiple \'modernities\', while practitioners also need to include cultural perspectives to complement scientific knowledge.

Climate action is far from meeting the internationally agreed adaptation and mitigation goals. Even though climate action planning has increased since the Paris Agreement in 2015, the implementation rate of those plans remains low. Climate planning literature claims that accounting for long-term planning and implementation times, accurately estimating costs, identifying synergies and trade-offs between measures, or considering justice and equity issues might increase the quality of climate plans and facilitate the further implementation of climate actions. Also, there is no uniform way of responding to the climate crisis. Existing climate action databases typically focus on a particular type of response, sector, hazard, or type. In parallel, national governments and international initiatives provide tools and guidelines to facilitate the development of climate action plans. However, the primary climate action recording and monitoring initiatives and projects do not share the same framework as those tools, resulting in a lost opportunity to improve climate actions\' knowledge transferability. Thus, we reviewed nine existing databases of adaptation and five mitigation databases, comprising a total of 7.130 adaptation actions and 11.409 mitigation actions, and detected a lack of alignment with climate planning practices and claims. Furthermore, we revealed a lack of coherency regarding the level of abstraction of climate actions and their role in the implementation process. Not all climate actions are meant to operate similarly from a planning perspective: while some had a direct outcome on the target indicators, others are thought to facilitate their implementation. Ultimately, we created a new integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures in Europe, focusing exclusively on climate planning and implementation practices. First, we identified specific and transferable mitigation and adaptation measures and instruments through an originally designed decision tree. Second, we harmonised the collection of climate actions in a unique framework based on one of the biggest climate planning initiatives: the Sustainable and Energy Climate Action Plans by the Covenant of Mayors. Our integrated database of adaptation and mitigation measures (1) classifies and relates the different types of climate actions; (2) provides data that may improve the quality of climate plans and facilitate implementation; (3) allows a better perspective of systematic problems by identifying potential synergies and trade-offs; and (4) defines and characterises measures using a framework that draws on actual practice. The database compiles a total of 191 adaptation measures, 188 mitigation measures, and 97 measures that account for each, and a total of 609 associated instruments. For monitoring their outcomes, 93 Sustainable Development Goals relevant indicators are included.

UNASSIGNED: The eco-climatic crisis has been defined by the World Health Organization as the \"single biggest health threat facing humanity,\" influencing both the emergence of zoonoses and the spread of vector-borne and water-borne diseases. The aim of this survey was to explore knowledge, eco-anxiety and attitudes toward the ecological and climate crisis among young Italian doctors and medical students.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional, multicenter survey was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023, by administering an anonymous questionnaire to Italian doctors and students of medicine. Endpoint of the study was a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) score on ecological and climate crisis (0-20 points). Association between variables and KAP score was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis\' or Spearman\'s test, as appropriate, and significant variables were included into ordinal regression model and reported as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).
UNASSIGNED: Both KAP and eco-anxiety scores showed acceptable levels of consistency with Cronbach\'s alpha. A total of 605 medical doctors and students living in 19 Italian regions were included in the study. Median age [Q1-Q3] was 27.6 [24.1-31.3] and females were 352 (58.2%). Despite showing good attitudes toward climate action, knowledge gap were found, with 42.5% (n = 257) of the respondents not knowing the temperature limits set by the Paris Agreements and 45.5% (n = 275) believing that climate change is caused by sunspots. Fears suggestive for eco-anxiety were common. At multivariable ordinal regression, high levels of eco-anxiety (aOR 1.29, p = 0.001) and low trust in government action (aOR 1.96, p = 0.003) were associated with a higher KAP score. Only one Italian medical school offered an educational module on climate change.
UNASSIGNED: Young Italian doctors and medical students are concerned about the climate crisis but show poor knowledge of these topics. The Italian academic system should urgently respond to this need.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are critical for land management strategies and climate change mitigation. However, understanding SOC distribution in South Africa\'s arid and semi-arid regions remains a challenge due to data limitations, and the complex spatial and sub-surface variability in SOC stocks driven by desertification and land degradation. Thus, to support soil and land-use management practices as well as advance climate change mitigation efforts, there is an urgent need to provide more precise SOC stock estimates within South Africa\'s arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, this study adopted remote-sensing approaches to determine the spatial sub-surface distribution of SOC stocks and the influence of environmental co-variates at four soil depths (i.e., 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-100 cm, and 100-200 cm). Using two regression-based algorithms, i.e., Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Random Forest (RF), the study found the former (RMSE values ranging from 7.12 t/ha to 29.55 t/ha) to be a superior predictor of SOC in comparison to the latter (RMSE values ranging from 7.36 t/ha to 31.10 t/ha). Nonetheless, both models achieved satisfactory accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.52) for regional-scale SOC predictions at the studied soil depths. Thereafter, using a variable importance analysis, the study demonstrated the influence of climatic variables like rainfall and temperature on SOC stocks at different depths. Furthermore, the study revealed significant spatial variability in SOC stocks, and an increase in SOC stocks with soil depth. Overall, these findings enhance the understanding of SOC dynamics in South Africa\'s arid and semi-arid landscapes and emphasizes the importance of considering site specific topo-climatic characteristics for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation. Furthermore, the study offers valuable insights into sub-surface SOC distribution, crucial for informing carbon sequestration strategies, guiding land management practices, and informing environmental policies within arid and semi-arid environments.

In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly launched seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at being achieved by 2030. The SDGs 6 (clean water & sanitation) and 13 (climate actions) are two critically important goals concerning water resources that need to be addressed. This study used the Scopus database to explore climate extremes, specifically droughts and floods, in East Asia and highlight the region\'s efforts and contributions towards achieving SDGs 6 and 13. We found that even before the implementation of SDGs, the topics related to solving the problems of water resources, water quality, and treatment of wastewater using different conceptual models and methodologies were the main concerns in the region. The adoption of SDGs has led to a heightened focus on water and climate sustainability in East Asia, with the considerable surge in climate-related studies after 2019. Under SDG 13, all countries have contributed substantially to climate action research. Keyword analysis indicates that climate change, water management, water treatment, water quality, and adsorption remain prominent. SDGs 6 and 13 have emerged as crucial areas of focus for research and initiatives as the global community grapples with escalating water resources and climate challenges. Under specific keywords search, China has 2nd place in the search with climate and water during the SDGs period, accounting for 21 % of the entire publication from 2015 to 2023. Japan and South Korea account for of 4 % and 3 %, respectively. The research on floods and droughts has garnered significant attention, with half of the ten highly co-cited literature examining the changing pattern of drought, the influence of extreme events on crop yield, and other related topics. Despite the positive contribution of the East Asia region towards SDGs 6 and 13, there is still an urgent need for a more robust framework to improve the complex interconnections between climate actions, clean water, and sanitation for a sustainable soil-water-plant-atmosphere ecosystem.

Water treatment has turned out to be more important in most societies due to the expansion of most economies and to advancement of industrialization. Developing efficient materials and technologies for water treatment is of high interest. Thin film nanocomposite membranes are regarded as the most effective membranes available for salts, hydrocarbon, and environmental pollutants removal. These membranes improve productivity while using less energy than conventional asymmetric membranes. Here, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have been successfully modified via dip single-step coating by silica-aminopropyl triethoxysilane/trimesic acid/melamine nanocomposite (Si-APTES-TA-MM). The developed membranes were evaluated for separating the emulsified oil/water mixture, the surface wettability of the membrane materials is therefore essential. During the conditioning step, that is when the freshwater was introduced, the prepared membrane reached a flux of about 27.77 L m-2 h-1. However, when the contaminated water was introduced, the flux reached 18 L m-2 h-1, alongside an applied pressure of 400 kPa. Interestingly, during the first 8 h of the filtration test, the membrane showed 90 % rejection for ions including Mg2+, and SO42- and ≈100 % for organic pollutants including pentane, isooctane, toluene, and hexadecane. Also, the membrane showed 98 % rejection for heavy metals including strontium, lead, and cobalt ions. As per the results, the membrane could be recommended as a promising candidate to be used for a mixture of salt ions, hydrocarbons, and mixtures of heavy metals from wastewater.

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence demonstrates that climate change has effects on mental health. Given the magnitude of climate change\'s health consequences, mitigation and adaptation will require massive societal changes and the involvement of individuals and professional organizations. The aim of this research was to assess the views of psychiatrists and psychiatrists-in-training about climate change and its effects on health, perceived barriers to discussing climate change in their clinical, teaching, research, and advocacy work, personal preparedness for climate action, and expected roles of their professional organizations.
METHODS: The authors administered an online anonymous survey to members of two mid-Atlantic professional psychiatric organizations. Measures included an adaptation of The International Climate and Health Survey and demographic and career characteristics. Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were conducted.
RESULTS: The majority of the 67 participants who completed the survey were White and senior in their career, and almost all were clinicians. Most were concerned about climate change and its mental health effects on patients and supported their organizations\' engagement in activities related to this topic. Barriers to engagement in climate change action included lack of time and believing it would not make a difference.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a desire of psychiatrists involved in teaching, research, and clinical work to address climate change and a need for training. These findings highlight the need for preparedness as newer generations face more disasters related to climate change, and experience psychological distress related to climate change.

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Local actors have growing prominence in climate governance but key capacities and powers remain with national policymakers. Coordination between national and local climate action is therefore of increasing importance. Underappreciated in existing academic and policy literature, coordination between actors at different scales can be affected not only by politics and institutional arrangements, but also by methods of data analysis. Exploring two datasets of GHG emissions by local area in England-one of consumption-based emissions and the other of territorial emissions-this paper shows the potential for a data scaling problem known as the modifiable areal unit problem and its possible consequences for the efficacy and equity implications of climate action. While this analysis is conceptual and does not identify specific instances of the modifiable areal unit problem or its consequences, it calls attention to methods of data analysis as possible contributors to climate governance challenges. Among other areas, future analysis is needed to explore how data scaling and other aspects of data processing and analysis may affect our understanding of non-state actors\' contribution to climate action.

BACKGROUND: Dogs are exposed to increasing environmental risk for developing heat-related illness (HRI), with 2022 recorded as the hottest year to date in the UK and most of Europe.
METHODS: This study used VetCompass data to report the incidence risk, event fatality rate and canine risk factors for HRI in dogs presenting to Vets Now emergency care practices in the UK during 2022.
RESULTS: From the clinical records of 167,751 dogs under care at Vets Now emergency clinics in 2022, 384 HRI events were identified. The 2022 incidence risk of HRI within the Vets Now caseload was 0.23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21%‒0.25%), with an event fatality rate of 26.56% (95% CI: 21.66%-32.25%). Multivariable analysis identified breed, age and sex/neuter status as risk factors for HRI. Brachycephalic dogs had 4.21 times the odds of HRI compared to mesocephalic dogs (95% CI: 3.22‒5.49, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical data used in this study were not primarily recorded for research and had some substantial levels of missing data (especially patient bodyweight).
CONCLUSIONS: In order to protect canine welfare, improved long-term mitigation strategies are urgently needed to minimise HRI risk and associated fatality in UK dogs.