Abstract：
Water treatment has turned out to be more important in most societies due to the expansion of most economies and to advancement of industrialization. Developing efficient materials and technologies for water treatment is of high interest. Thin film nanocomposite membranes are regarded as the most effective membranes available for salts, hydrocarbon, and environmental pollutants removal. These membranes improve productivity while using less energy than conventional asymmetric membranes. Here, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have been successfully modified via dip single-step coating by silica-aminopropyl triethoxysilane/trimesic acid/melamine nanocomposite (Si-APTES-TA-MM). The developed membranes were evaluated for separating the emulsified oil/water mixture, the surface wettability of the membrane materials is therefore essential. During the conditioning step, that is when the freshwater was introduced, the prepared membrane reached a flux of about 27.77 L m-2 h-1. However, when the contaminated water was introduced, the flux reached 18 L m-2 h-1, alongside an applied pressure of 400 kPa. Interestingly, during the first 8 h of the filtration test, the membrane showed 90 % rejection for ions including Mg2+, and SO42- and ≈100 % for organic pollutants including pentane, isooctane, toluene, and hexadecane. Also, the membrane showed 98 % rejection for heavy metals including strontium, lead, and cobalt ions. As per the results, the membrane could be recommended as a promising candidate to be used for a mixture of salt ions, hydrocarbons, and mixtures of heavy metals from wastewater.
摘要：
由于大多数经济的扩张和工业化的发展，水处理在大多数社会中变得更加重要。开发用于水处理的有效材料和技术是非常感兴趣的。薄膜纳米复合膜被认为是可用于盐的最有效的膜，碳氢化合物，和环境污染物的去除。这些膜提高生产率,同时使用比常规不对称膜更少的能量。这里,聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜已通过二氧化硅-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷/均苯三酸/三聚氰胺纳米复合材料（Si-APTES-TA-MM）通过浸渍单步涂覆成功进行了改性。评估开发的膜用于分离乳化的油/水混合物，因此,膜材料的表面润湿性是必不可少的。在调节步骤中，那就是淡水被引入的时候，制备的膜达到约27.77Lm-2h-1的通量。然而,当被污染的水被引入时，通量达到18Lm-2h-1，外加压力为400kPa。有趣的是,在过滤测试的前8小时内，膜对包括Mg2+在内的离子表现出90%的排斥，和SO42-和≈100%的有机污染物，包括戊烷，异辛烷,甲苯,和十六烷。此外，该膜对包括锶在内的重金属有98%的截留率，铅,和钴离子。根据结果，膜可以被推荐作为一个有希望的候选用于盐离子的混合物，碳氢化合物，以及废水中重金属的混合物。
