目的:绘制有关虚拟现实(VR)如何被用来分散长期患有疼痛或瘙痒的儿童和年轻人的注意力的初步研究。
背景:慢性疼痛和瘙痒的药物治疗可能有副作用;因此,正在寻求非侵入性非药物治疗。
方法:范围审查遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所推荐的方法,PAGER框架和PRISMA-ScR清单。该协议于2022年2月14日在开放科学注册中注册https//doi.org/10.17605/OSF。IO/K2R93。
方法:五个数据库(Medline,CINAHL,PsycINFO,搜索了WebofScience和Scopus)。数据来自2000年至2022年之间发表的主要研究研究,涉及儿童和青少年人群(<21岁),长期病情具有持久瘙痒和/或疼痛的因素。
结果:筛选的464篇摘要中,对35篇全文论文进行了评估,其中5项研究符合资格标准。包括的研究中出现了三个主要主题:(1)疼痛和日常功能的改善;(2)对VR的积极看法;(3)VR的可及性和可行性。没有发现关于VR缓解瘙痒效果的论文。
结论:VR是可行的,可接受,对于长期患有慢性疼痛的儿童和青少年来说是安全的,并有望成为改善慢性疼痛和生活质量的辅助治疗方法。没有研究确定有针对性的瘙痒或测量瘙痒结果;因此,VR对瘙痒的影响尚不清楚.需要严格设计,随机对照试验,以测试VR干预对儿童和青少年慢性疼痛和瘙痒的临床和成本效益。使用PAGER(模式,预付款,间隙,实践证据和研究建议)范围审查框架有助于结构分析和发现并确定研究差距。
结论:VR干预有望改善与长期疾病相关的慢性疼痛。
OBJECTIVE: To map out the primary research studies relating to how virtual reality (VR) has been used to distract children and young people with long-term conditions from pain or pruritus.
BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic treatment of chronic pain and pruritus may have side effects; hence, non-invasive non-pharmacological treatments are being sought.
METHODS: The scoping review followed the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, PAGER framework and PRISMA-ScR checklist. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Registration on 14 February 2022 https//doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K2R93.
METHODS: Five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Data were extracted from primary research studies published between 2000 and 2022 involving children and adolescent populations (<21 years) with a long-term condition that had an element of enduring pruritus and/or pain.
RESULTS: Of 464 abstracts screened, 35 full-text papers were assessed with 5 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Three main themes emerged from the included studies: (1) Improvements in pain and daily functioning; (2) positive perceptions of VR and (3) accessibility and feasibility of VR. No papers were found on the effect of VR on alleviating pruritus.
CONCLUSIONS: VR is feasible, acceptable, and safe for children and adolescents with chronic pain in a range of long-term conditions and offers promise as an adjunctive treatment for improving chronic pain and quality of life. No studies were identified that targeted pruritis or measured pruritis outcomes; thus, the effects of VR for pruritis are unknown. There is a need for rigorously designed, randomised controlled trials to test the clinical and cost-effectiveness of VR interventions for chronic pain and pruritis in children and adolescents. The use of the PAGER (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice and Research Recommendations) framework for scoping reviews helped to structure analysis and findings and identify research gaps.
CONCLUSIONS: VR interventions offer promise in improving chronic pain related to long-term conditions.