背景:在埃塞俄比亚,营养不良是一种公共健康威胁,造成重大的发病率负担,死亡率,和经济危机。同时,成年人对阿拉伯茶的消费惊人地增加,但它可能会加剧现有的营养不良负担,目前的证据尚无定论。因此,本综述旨在评估埃塞俄比亚成年人的阿拉伯茶消费量与营养不良之间的关联.
方法:全面搜索Google,谷歌学者,和PubMed,再加上对文献的全面手动搜索,是最新的,2023年10月18日,使用相关搜索词:“影响,\"\"效果,\“\”卡塔咀嚼,“卡塔达消费,\"\"埃塞俄比亚,“\”营养状况,“和”营养不良。“更新的PRISMA指南用于选择相关文献。提取的数据在叙述性总结中进行了总结,描述,和荟萃分析。评估偏倚风险。结果在森林地块和漏斗图中显示,以评估出版偏差。报告了具有95%确定性水平的合并效应大小(比值比)。
结果:虽然共有17篇文章(n=45,679)被纳入叙述性综述,只有15篇文章被纳入定量荟萃分析.大多数研究有一个低的和中等的风险偏倚(基于风险偏倚评估工具),主要是由于暴露评估不明确和研究异质性高。共有11项研究为横断面研究(71%),三项是比较研究(17.4%),3项为病例对照研究(17.4%)。漏斗图证明了出版偏倚的风险较高。总的来说,五项研究来自奥罗米亚地区,在国家一级进行了三项研究。总的来说,在随机效应模型下,咀嚼可显著增加53%的营养不足风险(合并OR=1.53;95%CI:1.09~2.16).在固定效应模型下,对具有较高样本的国家级研究给予了更高的权重,咀嚼导致营养不足风险增加12%(AOR=1.12;95%CI:1.01-2.23)。因此,咀嚼卡塔可能会使营养不良的几率增加12-53%。
结论:有证据表明,在埃塞俄比亚成年人中,咀嚼khat与营养不良风险增加之间存在关联,这凸显了公共卫生干预措施的必要性,以解决咀嚼对营养状况的潜在不利影响。
BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a public health threat causing a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and economic crisis. Simultaneously, khat consumption is alarmingly increasing among adults, yet it might contribute to the existing burden of malnutrition, where the current evidence is inconclusive. Hence, this review was to estimate the association between khat consumption and undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia.
METHODS: A comprehensive search for Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed, coupled with a thorough manual search of the literature, was done up to date, October 18, 2023, using relevant search terms: \"impact,\" \"effects,\" \"khat chewing,\" \"khat consumption,\" \"Ethiopia,\" \"nutritional status,\" and \"undernutrition.\" An updated PRISMA guideline was used to select relevant literature. The extracted data was summarized in narrative summaries, descriptions, and meta-analyses. The risk of bias was assessed. The results are presented in forest plots and funnel plots to assess publication bias. A pooled effect size (odds ratio) with a 95% certainty level was reported.
RESULTS: While a total of 17 articles (n = 45,679) were included in the narrative review, only 15 articles were included in the quantitative meta-analysis. The majority of studies had a low and moderate risk of bias (based on risk of bias assessment tool), mainly due to unclear exposure assessment and high study heterogeneity. A total of 11 studies were cross-sectional studies (71%), three were comparative studies (17.4%), and three were case control studies (17.4%). There is a higher risk of publication bias as evidenced by the funnel plot. Overall, five studies were from the Oromia region, and three studies were conducted at the national level. Overall, chewing had been shown to significantly increase the risk of undernutrition by 53% (pooled OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.09-2.16) under a random effect model. Under the fixed effect model, higher weight was given to national-level studies with higher samples, where chewing contributed to a 12% increased risk of undernutrition (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-2.23). Hence, khat chewing could raise the odds of undernutrition by 12-53%.
CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of an association between khat chewing and an increased risk of undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia, which highlights the need for public health interventions to address the potential adverse effects of khat chewing on nutritional status.