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Abstract：
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) use, khat chewing, and their combined effect on telomerase level and tumor suppressor genes, p53 and p21 in breast cancer (BC) patients and normal volunteers. 140 Yemeni women aged 25-40 years old enrolled, 60 newly diagnosed pretreated BC patients, and 80 control subjects. Venous blood (5 ml) was collected and the results showed BC patients to have significantly raised levels of telomerase, p53, and p21 compared to the control group. The use of OCs significantly raised telomerase in control group with no effect in BC patients; whereas p53 and p21 were significantly increased in BC patients. On the other hand, khat chewing significantly increased p53 in controls and BC patients, whereas p21 was significantly raised in BC patients. The combined use of OCs and khat chewing significantly increased telomerase and p53 in control group, and significantly increased p53 and p21 in BC patients. Telomerase was shown to be a risk factor (OR 4.4) for BC, and the use of OCs was a high-risk factor for increasing telomerase (OR 27.8) in normal subjects. In contrast, khat chewing was shown to be protective (OR 0.142), and the combined use of OCs and khat chewing decreased the risk factor of telomerase from OR 27.8 to 2.1.
摘要：
本研究旨在评估口服避孕药（OC）的使用效果，Khat咀嚼，以及它们对端粒酶水平和抑癌基因的联合作用，p53和p21在乳腺癌（BC）患者和正常志愿者中的表达。140名25-40岁的也门妇女入学，60例新诊断的治疗前的BC患者，和80个对照对象。收集静脉血（5ml），结果显示BC患者端粒酶水平明显升高，p53和p21与对照组比较。对照组使用OC显着提高了端粒酶，但对BC患者没有影响；而BC患者中p53和p21显着增加。另一方面,在对照组和BC患者中咀嚼Khat显着增加p53，而BC患者p21显著升高。联合使用OC和khat咀嚼可显著增加对照组的端粒酶和p53，并且在BC患者中p53和p21明显增加。端粒酶被证明是BC的危险因素（OR4.4），在正常受试者中，使用OC是端粒酶升高的高风险因素（OR27.8）。相比之下,Khat咀嚼被证明是保护性的(OR0.142)，OCs和khat咀嚼的联合使用使端粒酶的危险因素从OR27.8降至2.1。
