中风是世界上第二大死因。目前脑出血(ICH)后脑水肿的治疗主要涉及高渗液,但是这种方法往往是不够的。蜂胶,以其各种有益特性而闻名,尤其是抗氧化和抗炎特性,可能作为一种辅助治疗,并有助于减轻卒中相关损伤。采用GC-MS分析衍生化后的蜂胶提取物的化学成分,测定其总酚和总黄酮含量。蜂胶提取物的总酚含量和总黄酮含量分别为1037.31±24.10μgGAE/mL和374.02±3.36μgQE/mL,分别。通过GC-MS分析,发现其主要成分为三萜类(占TIC的22.4%)。次要化合物,如酚类脂质(占TIC的6.7%,GC-MS)和二萜酸(占TIC的2.3%,GC-MS),也被发现了。将96只SpragueDawley大鼠分为六组;对照组,ICH组,和四个接受以下治疗的ICH组:甘露醇,蜂胶提取物(ICH诱导后每日口服蜂胶),蜂胶-M(蜂胶和甘露醇),和蜂胶-B+A(在ICH诱导前7天和后72小时每日口服蜂胶给药)。使用旋转棒攻击和Morris水迷宫分析大鼠的神经认知功能。此外,NF-κB的表达,使用免疫组织化学方法分析SUR1-TRPM4、MMP-9和水通道蛋白-4。使用TUNEL测定来评估凋亡细胞的百分比。甘露醇显着改善ICH组的认知运动功能,改进的旋转杆和莫里斯水迷宫完成时间证明,并降低SUR-1和水通道蛋白-4水平。到第3天,它还显着减少了脑水肿。同样,蜂胶治疗(蜂胶A和蜂胶BA)在这些测试中显示出可比的改善和减轻的水肿。此外,蜂胶与甘露醇(蜂胶-M)的结合进一步增强了这些效果,特别是在减少水肿和Virchow-Robin空间方面。这些发现凸显了印度尼西亚无刺蜜蜂蜂胶的潜力,胸生殖器三甲,作为神经保护,辅助治疗。
Stroke is the world\'s second-leading cause of death. Current treatments for cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mainly involve hyperosmolar fluids, but this approach is often inadequate. Propolis, known for its various beneficial properties, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could potentially act as an adjunctive therapy and help alleviate stroke-associated injuries. The chemical composition of Geniotrigona thoracica propolis extract was analyzed by GC-MS after derivatization for its total phenolic and total flavonoid content. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the propolis extract were 1037.31 ± 24.10 μg GAE/mL and 374.02 ± 3.36 μg QE/mL, respectively. By GC-MS analysis, its major constituents were found to be triterpenoids (22.4% of TIC). Minor compounds, such as phenolic lipids (6.7% of TIC, GC-MS) and diterpenic acids (2.3% of TIC, GC-MS), were also found. Ninety-six Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups; namely, the control group, the ICH group, and four ICH groups that received the following therapies: mannitol, propolis extract (daily oral propolis administration after the ICH induction), propolis-M (propolis and mannitol), and propolis-B+A (daily oral propolis administration 7 days prior to and 72 h after the ICH induction). Neurocognitive functions of the rats were analyzed using the rotarod challenge and Morris water maze. In addition, the expression of NF-κB, SUR1-TRPM4, MMP-9, and Aquaporin-4 was analyzed using immunohistochemical methods. A TUNEL assay was used to assess the percentage of apoptotic cells. Mannitol significantly improved cognitive-motor functions in the ICH group, evidenced by improved rotarod and Morris water maze completion times, and lowered SUR-1 and Aquaporin-4 levels. It also significantly decreased cerebral edema by day 3. Similarly, propolis treatments (propolis-A and propolis-B+A) showed comparable improvements in these tests and reduced edema. Moreover, combining propolis with mannitol (propolis-M) further enhanced these effects, particularly in reducing edema and the Virchow-Robin space. These findings highlight the potential of propolis from the Indonesian stingless bee, Geniotrigona thoracica, from the Central Tapanuli region as a neuroprotective, adjunctive therapy.