Fluorescence nanoscopy, also known as super-resolution microscopy, has transcended the conventional resolution barriers and enabled visualization of biological samples at nanometric resolutions. A series of super-resolution techniques have been developed and applied to investigate the molecular distribution, organization, and interactions in blood cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms of blood-cell-associated diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of various fluorescence nanoscopy technologies, outlining their current development stage and the challenges they are facing in terms of functionality and practicality. We specifically explore how these innovations have propelled forward the analysis of thrombocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells), shedding light on the nanoscale arrangement of subcellular components and molecular interactions. We spotlight novel biomarkers uncovered by fluorescence nanoscopy for disease diagnosis, such as thrombocytopathies, malignancies, and infectious diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the technological hurdles and chart out prospective avenues for future research directions. This review aims to underscore the significant contributions of fluorescence nanoscopy to the field of blood cell analysis and disease diagnosis, poised to revolutionize our approach to exploring, understanding, and managing disease at the molecular level.

The article presents a case of a surgical treatment of removing a dermoid cyst of the floor of the oral cavity in a patient with severe hemophilia A. A detailed analysis was carried out of the surgical operation, postoperative management, coagulation factor replacement therapy and accompanying therapy, as well as the features of anesthesia, which allowed a surgical intervention without any hemorrhagic and infectious complications.
Представлен случай проведения операции удаления дермоидной кисты дна рта у больного тяжелой гемофилией А. Проведен подробный анализ хирургической операции, послеоперационного ведения, общей заместительной гемостатической и сопроводительной терапии, а также особенностей обезболивания, которые позволили осуществить хирургическое вмешательство без геморрагических и инфекционных осложнений.

Cerebral venous thrombosis, a rare stroke, is characterized by neurological dysfunction caused by bleeding and/or infarction resulting from venous sinus thrombosis, the so-called venous stroke. Current guidelines recommend anticoagulants as first-line therapy in the treatment of venous stroke. With complicated causes of cerebral venous thrombosis, treatment is difficult, especially when combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, and even COVID-19.
This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical prognosis of cerebral venous thrombosis combined with autoimmune diseases, blood diseases, or infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
A systematic understanding of particular risk factors that should not be neglected when unconventional cerebral venous thrombosis occurs and for a scientific understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment, thus contributing to knowledge on special types of venous stroke.

Exposure to environmental contaminants frequently induces the occurrence of blood diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are scarcely known. The toxicity of Diflovidazin (DFD), a widely used mite-remover, to the blood system of non-target organisms requires urgent elucidation. To investigate the deleterious effects of DFD (2, 2.5, and 3 mg/L) on the development and survive of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the zebrafish model was used in this study. DFD exposure reduced the number of HSCs and their subtypes, including macrophages, neutrophils, thymus T-cells, erythrocytes, and platelets. The significant changes in the abnormal apoptosis and differentiation of HSCs were the major reasons for the reduction in blood cells. Using small-molecule antagonists and p53 morpholino revealed that the NF-κB/p53 pathway was responsible for the apoptosis of HSCs upon DFD exposure. The restoration results attributed to the TLR4 inhibitor and molecular docking showed that the TLR4 protein, which was upstream of NF-κB signaling, played a vital role in DFD toxicology. This study elucidates the role and molecular mechanism of DFD in damaging zebrafish HSCs. It provides a theoretical basis for the occurrence of various blood diseases in zebrafish and other organisms.

This paper uses zone electrophoresis, one of the most frequently used tools in molecular biology, to explore two ideas derived from Hans-Jörg Rheinberger\'s reflections on experiments. First, the constraining role played by technical objects-instrumentation and material conditions-in the production of knowledge or epistemic things. Second, the production of interconnected experimental systems by such technical objects, which results in the unexpected entanglement of research fields and experimental cultures. By the beginning of the 1960s, the inception of zone electrophoresis in laboratories around the world transformed-some say, revolutionized-the study of proteins. Even today, electrophoresis continues to open research venues and questions in biomedicine, molecular biology, human genetics, and in the field of molecular evolution. In my essay, I seek to look at the interconnected lives of zone electrophoresis and address the broader social, and even global context, in which this apparently humble technique became a salient tool in the production of biological knowledge. In so doing, I aim to take the past and present of the history and historiography of experimental systems to the future, where experiments and technologies are interrogated as they are used in different geographies and contexts, including contexts of poverty.

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Large granular lymphocyte leukemia is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of cytotoxic cells. Other hematological malignancies such as CLL and multiple myeloma have been associated with poor vaccination response and markedly increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mortality rates, specifically in patients who have undergone immunosuppressive therapy. Given the immunosuppressive therapies often used to treat the disease, large granular lymphocytic (LGL) patients may be especially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A questionnaire was sent to all patients in the LGL Leukemia Registry at the University of Virginia (UVA) to obtain information on vaccination status, type of vaccine received, side effects of vaccination, patient treatment status before, during, and after vaccination, antibody testing, history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, and presence or absence of booster vaccination. Antibody testing of 27 patients who had quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein IgG levels determined by University of Virginia medical laboratories via the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay were collected. The assay was scored as reactive at a threshold of ≥50.0 AU/mL or nonreactive with a threshold of <50.0 AU/mL. LGL patients without treatment as well as patients who held treatment prior to their vaccination have a robust humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Patients who did not hold their immunosuppressive treatments have signifigantly diminished vaccine response compared to those who held their immunosuppressive treatment. Our findings support a dual strategy of pausing immunotherapy during the vaccination window and administration of the SARS-CoV-2 booster to all LGL leukemia patients to maximize protective antibodies.

Curcumin is the most important active component in turmeric extracts. Curcumin, a natural monomer from plants has received a considerable attention as a dietary supplement, exhibiting evident activity in a wide range of human pathological conditions. In general, curcumin is beneficial to human health, demonstrating pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation and antioxidation, as well as antitumor and immune regulation activities. Curcumin also presents therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review article, we summarize the advancements made in recent years with respect to curcumin as a biologically active agent in malignant tumors, Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), hematological diseases and viral infectious diseases. We also focus on problems associated with curcumin from basic research to clinical translation, such as its low solubility, leading to poor bioavailability, as well as the controversy surrounding the association between curcumin purity and effect. Through a review and summary of the clinical research on curcumin and case reports of adverse effects, we found that the clinical transformation of curcumin is not successful, and excessive intake of curcumin may have adverse effects on the kidneys, heart, liver, blood and immune system, which leads us to warn that curcumin has a long way to go from basic research to application transformation.

Background and Objectives: We present a retrospective report on the cardio-hematological care of hematology patients at a university hospital in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The number of hospitalizations at the Hematology Department and cardio-hematology consultations throughout 2019 and 2020 was analyzed. The types of cardiac procedures, risk factors, and complications were also assessed. Results: A significant reduction in the number of hospitalizations was observed in 2020 as compared to 2019. However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of hematological diseases between both of the analyzed years. In 2019, 299 cardiac consultations were performed in hematological patients, and there was a total of 352 such consultations performed in 2020 (p = 0.042). Less high-risk tests (transesophageal and stress echocardiography) were performed in 2020, in favor of the use of cardiac computed tomography in cardiac diagnostics as it was safer during the pandemic. At least one cardiovascular risk factor during cardiac consultation was noted in 42% and 48% of hematological patients in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Among 651 examined hematological patients, the most common findings were mild cardiac complications of hemato-oncological treatment, which were found in 57 patients. Conclusions: This study seems to confirm that during a pandemic there is an increased demand for well-organized cardio-hematology consultations.

Aptamers are RNA/DNA oligonucleotide molecules that specifically bind to a targeted complementary molecule. As potential recognition elements with promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications, aptamers, such as monoclonal antibodies, could provide many treatment and diagnostic options for blood diseases. Aptamers present several superior features over antibodies, including a simple in vitro selection and production, ease of modification and conjugation, high stability, and low immunogenicity. Emerging as promising alternatives to antibodies, aptamers could overcome the present limitations of monoclonal antibody therapy to provide novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive treatments for blood diseases. Researchers in several biomedical areas, such as biomarker detection, diagnosis, imaging, and targeted therapy, have widely investigated aptamers, and several aptamers have been developed over the past two decades. One of these is the pegaptanib sodium injection, an aptamer-based therapeutic that functions as an anti-angiogenic medicine, and it is the first aptamer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for therapeutic use. Several other aptamers are now in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current state of aptamers in the clinical trial program and introduce some promising aptamers currently in pre-clinical development for blood diseases.