作为细胞间通信的信息信使,外泌体,通常是小膜囊泡(30-150nm),在生命系统的生理和病理过程中起着至关重要的作用。越来越多的研究表明,外泌体是治疗体的潜在生物学候选者,包括基于液体活检的诊断和药物输送。然而,它们的临床应用受到几个问题的阻碍,特别是它们的非特异性检测和靶向能力不足。如何提高基于外泌体的治疗方法的准确性正在被广泛探索。适体,受益于他们令人钦佩的特点,被用作优秀的分子识别元件,为精密治疗赋予外泌体。具有对靶标的高亲和力和易于位点特异性修饰,适体可以与平台结合,用于外来体的特异性检测,从而为推进疾病诊断提供了机会。此外,适体可以在外泌体上定制和官能化以实现靶向治疗。在这里,这篇综述强调了通过适体赋予外泌体用于精密治疗的能力。提供了外来体和适体的简要介绍,随后讨论了基于适体的外泌体检测用于疾病诊断的最新进展,以及适体功能化外泌体在靶向治疗中的新兴应用。最后,提出了当前这一研究领域的挑战和机遇。
As information messengers for cell-to-cell communication, exosomes, typically small membrane vesicles (30-150 nm), play an imperative role in the physiological and pathological processes of living systems. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that exosomes are potential biological candidates for theranostics, including liquid biopsy-based diagnosis and drug delivery. However, their clinical applications are hindered by several issues, especially their unspecific detection and insufficient targeting ability. How to upgrade the accuracy of exosome-based theranostics is being widely explored.
Aptamers, benefitting from their admirable characteristics, are used as excellent molecular recognition elements to empower exosomes for precision theranostics. With high affinity against targets and easy site-specific modification,
aptamers can be incorporated with platforms for the specific detection of exosomes, thus providing opportunities for advancing disease diagnostics. Furthermore,
aptamers can be tailored and functionalized on exosomes to enable targeted therapeutics. Herein, this review emphasizes the empowering of exosomes by
aptamers for precision theranostics. A brief introduction of exosomes and
aptamers is provided, followed by a discussion of recent progress in aptamer-based exosome detection for disease diagnosis, and the emerging applications of aptamer-functionalized exosomes for targeted therapeutics. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in this research field are presented.