UNASSIGNED: Cultivating a sense of belonging among faculty of color decreases feelings of isolation and marginalization, translating to increased job satisfaction and retention. This roadmap for cultivating a sense of belonging for faculty of color highlights the following critical strategies: (1) adopting inclusive leadership practices, (2) understanding professional and personal identities, (3) mitigating cultural taxation, (4) minimizing microaggressions and racism, (5) providing mentorship, and (6) prioritizing acculturation over assimilation. By following this roadmap, physical therapy programs can work toward cultivating a greater sense of belonging for faculty of color, enabling them to thrive in their roles and feel valued and respected as integral members of the academic community.

BACKGROUND: Shifting demographics, an aging population, and increased healthcare needs contribute to the global healthcare worker shortage. Migrant Health Care Workers (MHCWs) are crucial contributors to reducing this shortage by moving from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs) for better opportunities. Economic factors and health workforce demand drive their migration, but they also face challenges adapting to a new country and new working environments. To effectively address these challenges, it is crucial to establish evidence-based policies. Failure to do so may result in the departure of Migrant Healthcare Workers (MHCWs) from host countries, thereby worsening the shortage of healthcare workers.
OBJECTIVE: To review and synthesize the barriers experienced by MHCWs as they adjust to a new country and their new foreign working environments.
METHODS: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and conducted a search in the PubMed and Embase databases. We included cross-sectional studies published after the year 2000, addressing MHCWs from LMIC countries migrating to high-income countries, and published in English. We established a data extraction tool and used the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) to assess article quality based on predetermined categories.
RESULTS: Through a targeted search, we identified fourteen articles. These articles covered 11,025 MHCWS from low- to medium-income countries, focusing on Europe, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel. Participants and respondents\' rates were diverse ranging from 12% to 90%. Studies encompassed various healthcare roles and age ranges, mainly 25-45 years, with a significant female presence. Participants resided in host countries for 3-10 years on average. Results are categorized based on the Riverside Acculturation Stress Inventory (RASI) and expanded to include bureaucratic and employment barriers, Gender differences, Natives vs. non-natives, and orientation programs.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the importance of cultural competence training and tailored support for MHCWs integration and job satisfaction. Time spent in the new healthcare setting and the influence of orientation programs are key factors in shaping their intentions to stay or leave. Despite limitations, these studies provide valuable insights, emphasizing the ongoing need for holistic strategies to facilitate successful integration, ultimately benefiting healthcare systems and well-being for all stakeholders.

BACKGROUND: Children of Black immigrant parents living in the US are at elevated risk of being overweight or obese, thus increasing their risks of morbidity and mortality as they age. Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children\'s nutrition through their food parenting practices. The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) can explain Black immigrant mother\'s FPP and their children\'s dietary behavior. This study aimed to assess SCT\'s constructs, personal (maternal knowledge, attitudes, beliefs) and environmental factors (acculturation) in relation to the behavioral factor (food parenting practices) among a sample of Black immigrant mothers living in Metro Atlanta, Georgia.
METHODS: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 30 Black immigrant mothers who lived in seven Metro Atlanta, Georgia counties in the summer of 2022. Four focus group interviews were conducted over two weeks. The qualitative data analysis was thematic.
RESULTS: Focus group data analysis revealed seven major themes: knowledge, attitude, belief, modeling, acculturation, coercive control, and structure, and six subthemes. Mothers discussed being intentional about encouraging healthy foods and limiting unhealthy foods for their children. Overall, acculturation influenced mothers\' food parenting practices. Since migrating to the US, some mothers\' nutrition changed in positive (e.g., eating more fruits) and negative ways (e.g., snacking more) because of schedules, cost, and access. Children ate a mixed diet, the mother\'s native diet and the American diet, and the former was considered healthier and affordable by most.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to look at the food parenting practices of Black immigrants in the US. By identifying key factors that influence the food parenting practices of this population and their children\'s dietary habits, this study\'s findings are useful to practitioners or researchers who work with this population on nutrition.

BACKGROUND: Dietary acculturation is the process by which diet and dietary practises from the environment of origin are retained or changed and/or those prevalent in a new environment are adopted. Despite rapid population growth the U.S., knowledge gaps exist on characterising dietary acculturation among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities (AANHPI). This study characterise dietary patterns in a sample representative of AANHPI on key demographic characteristics.
METHODS: Data were from a 2013-2014 population-based case-control study in the San Francisco Bay Area, U.S. Survey items were adapted from dietary acculturation scales developed for AANHPI populations. Validated measures assessed social capital, social standing, discrimination and immigration experiences. A principal components factor analysis was conducted to characterise dietary patterns of acculturation.
RESULTS: Three dietary patterns were identified: \"Asian,\" \"Western,\" and a distinct \"Multicultural\" factor. Respondents reporting a high-Asian diet tended to also report smaller social networks, higher levels of stress, and, among those born outside of the U.S., an educational standing that was better before immigration. Respondents reporting a high-Western diet tended to also report the highest level of discrimination. Those reporting a high-Multicultural diet tended to report higher neighbourhood collective efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a distinct \"Multicultural\" factor beyond the typical \"Asian\" and \"Western\" factors may reflect the multidirectional relationships between culture, diet, and dietary behavior, in which origin and destination cultures interact in complex ways and where foods from multiple ethnicities intermix.

UNASSIGNED: Acculturation describes the cultural and psychological changes resulting from intercultural contact. Here, we use concepts from \"cultural evolution\" to better understand the processes of acculturation. Cultural evolution researchers view cultural change as an evolutionary process, allowing them to borrow tools and methods from biology. Cultural evolutionary mechanisms such as conformity (copying the numerical majority), anti-conformity (copying the numerical minority), prestige bias (copying famous individuals), payoff bias (copying successful people), and vertical cultural transmission (copying your parents) can cause people to adopt elements from other cultures and/or conserve their cultural heritage. We explore how these transmission mechanisms might create distinct acculturation strategies, shaping cultural change and diversity over the long-term. This theoretical integration can pave the way for a more sophisticated understanding of the pervasive cultural shifts occurring in many ethnically diverse societies, notably by identifying conditions that empower minority-group members, often marginalized, to significantly influence the majority group and society.

UNASSIGNED: US Hispanics have several health disparities, greater tobacco/nicotine-related illnesses, lower access to smoking cessation, and lower rates of cessation. Understanding cultural constructs linked to tobacco/nicotine use may provide a greater understanding of future cultural adaptations of cessation interventions. This study used a multidimensional acculturation framework, with cultural practices, identity, and values, to test links between measures of acculturation stress, multidimensional acculturation (language-based enculturation and acculturation, cultural identity, familism), and tobacco/nicotine use, and interactions with gender.
UNASSIGNED: Participants were 391 adult Latin American immigrants (69% women); 12% self-reported tobacco/nicotine use in the past six months.
UNASSIGNED: Path analysis showed acculturative stress, β = .16, and acculturation, β = .20, were positively related to tobacco/nicotine use. Enculturation, familism, and Hispanic cultural identity were not related to tobacco/nicotine use. There were no significant acculturation by enculturation or gender interactions, but women were less likely to use tobacco/nicotine than men, β = -.36.
UNASSIGNED: Findings suggest that tobacco/nicotine cessation interventions for Latino immigrants may be enhanced with an emphasis on the mitigation of acculturative stress, attention to the adoption of US cultural practices, and gender. Future research should examine specific sources of acculturative stress or social norms related to tobacco/nicotine use.

UNASSIGNED: The current systematic review aimed to examine the relationship between acculturative stress (AS) and psychological outcomes in international students to determine the role AS may play in predicting the mental health of international students.
UNASSIGNED: The studies included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis had considered AS and its impact on psychological outcomes among international students studying abroad. After checking the studies found in our primary search through the scientific databases in terms of our eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included, of which 26 were eligible for a meta-analysis (total N = 7,247).
UNASSIGNED: Meta-analysis indicated a moderate mean correlation of AS with psychological outcomes like depression, life satisfaction, quality of life, vocational outcome expectations, drinking behaviors, resilience, health promotion behavior, psychological adjustment, psychological distress, negative affect, and mental health symptoms (r =  0.39) and depression (r =  0.41), respectively.
UNASSIGNED: The review of studies revealed a robust relationship between AS and increased negative psychological outcomes such as depression, psychological distress, and general stress, as well as decreased positive psychological outcomes such as psychological adjustment, mental health, life satisfaction, and quality of life.

UNASSIGNED: Dietary acculturation, or adoption of dominant culture diet by migrant groups, influences human health. We aimed to examine dietary acculturation and its relationships with cardiovascular disease (CVD), gut microbiota, and blood metabolites among US Hispanic and Latino adults.
UNASSIGNED: In the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos), US exposure was defined by years in the United States (50 states and Washington, DC) and US nativity. A dietary acculturation pattern was derived from 14 172 participants with two 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (2008-2011) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, with food groups as predictors of US exposure. We evaluated associations of dietary acculturation with incident CVD across ≈7 years of follow-up (n=211/14 172 cases/total) and gut microbiota (n=2349; visit 2, 2014 to 2017). Serum metabolites associated with both dietary acculturation-related gut microbiota (n=694) and incident CVD (n=108/5256 cases/total) were used as proxy measures to assess the association of diet-related gut microbiome with incident CVD.
UNASSIGNED: We identified an empirical US-oriented dietary acculturation score that increased with US exposure. Higher dietary acculturation score was associated with higher risk of incident CVD (hazard ratio per SD, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.13-1.57]), adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Sixty-nine microbial species (17 enriched from diverse species, 52 depleted mainly from fiber-utilizing Clostridia and Prevotella species) were associated with dietary acculturation, driven by lower intakes of whole grains, beans, and fruits and higher intakes of refined grains. Twenty-five metabolites, involved predominantly in fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism (eg, branched-chain 14:0 dicarboxylic acid** and glycerophosphoethanolamine), were associated with both diet acculturation-related gut microbiota and incident CVD. Proxy association analysis based on these metabolites suggested a positive relationship between diet acculturation-related microbiome and risk of CVD (r=0.70, P<0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Among US Hispanic and Latino adults, greater dietary acculturation was associated with elevated CVD risk, possibly through alterations in gut microbiota and related metabolites. Diet and microbiota-targeted interventions may offer opportunities to mitigate CVD burdens of dietary acculturation.

Immigrant students and families experience disproportionate exposure to trauma, immigration-related stress, structural inequities, and poor access to mental health and social services which can lead to mental health inequities. Immigrant students and their families also have many strengths that can buffer potential negative mental health outcomes. Schools, which address social and emotional development in addition to academic achievement, are critical institutions that can play a unique role in enhancing the strengths and responding to the needs of immigrant students and families. In this review, we adapt the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to acknowledge the contextual and macro-level factors (e.g., relevant policies, environmental influences, and structural factors) and the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that immigrant students and families experience and impact access to school mental health and social services. We discuss school-based interventions that show efficacy for improving mental health outcomes and focus on addressing acculturative stress among immigrant students. We also discuss models to address social determinants of health need among immigrant students and families within schools, including the community schools model applied to immigrant students and families. We conclude this review by providing recommendations and strategies for pediatricians and schools to transform school-based supports for immigrant students and families and promote equitable outcomes. Our recommendations include incorporating multi-level school supports for addressing mental health, social need, and acculturative stress among immigrant students, along with reinforcing the strengths of immigrant students, and promoting school collaborations with pediatricians, school-based health centers, and trusted community partners.

Migrant youth who face forced displacement from their home countries have an emergent mental health burden, placing them at increased suicide risk. As such, it is crucial for pediatric providers to include suicide screening and assessment in their care for this population. Migrant families seek safety but, in many cases, encounter adverse events and psychosocial inequities in the migration journey and in the host community. Factors such as trauma, acculturative stress, and intersectionality influence suicide risk in migrants. Summative traumatic events contribute to the mental health load and worsen suicidal outcomes in migrant youth. Acculturative stress can lead to social marginalization in the host country, further adding to the existing mental health burden. Finally, intersectionality encompasses complex sociocultural influences, which shape the development of cultural identity in migrant youth and influence suicide risk. By examining these factors, the author advances cultural considerations in screening and assessment for suicide risk in migrant youth through evidence-based tools in pediatric clinical practice. Barriers to access to mental health services, stigma, and distrust of the health care system within the host community are also addressed. The author establishes recommendations for early suicide screening and prevention within this population through trauma-informed care, active advocacy, and cultural sensitivity.