背景:厌氧消化(AD)系统中不同微生物组的整体表征可有助于更好地理解这些系统,并为生物工程提供起点。本研究调查了80个欧洲全尺寸AD系统的微生物组。业务,彻底收集了化学和分类学数据,分析和相关,以确定AD过程的主要驱动因素。
结果:本研究描述了广谱不同AD系统的化学和操作参数。有了这些数据,应用Spearman相关性和差异丰度分析来缩小检测到的单个微生物的作用。作者成功地进一步限制了广泛的AD系统的核心微生物组中的微生物数量。基于16SrRNA基因扩增子测序,MBA03,蛋白质,去硫杆菌科的一员,Caldicopacter属和产甲烷菌Methanosarcina是在所有分析的消化器中鉴定出的最普遍和最丰富的生物。甲烷的高比率通常被描述为用于农业共消化器。因此,值得注意的是,甲烷盐在几种消化器中的含量惊人地高,达到47.2%。各种统计分析表明,微生物根据不同的模式分组。纯粹的分类学相关性可以区分乙酸碎屑簇和氢营养簇。然而,在化学参数的多变量分析中,主要簇对应于水解和产酸微生物,其中SAOB细菌在第二组中特别重要。包括操作参数导致消化器类型特定的微生物分组。具有单独酸化的那些由于其意想不到的行为而在许多反应器类型中脱颖而出。尽管在水解预处理中最大化了有机负载率,这些阶段变成了非常强大的甲烷生产单元。
结论:来自80种不同的AD系统,提供了最全面的数据集之一。发现了非常独特的微生物簇的形成,取决于是否分类学,化学或操作参数进行了组合。单个簇中的微生物强烈依赖于各自的参考参数。
BACKGROUND: The holistic characterization of different microbiomes in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems can contribute to a better understanding of these systems and provide starting points for bioengineering. The present study investigates the microbiome of 80 European full-scale AD systems. Operational, chemical and taxonomic data were thoroughly collected, analysed and correlated to identify the main drivers of AD processes.
RESULTS: The present study describes chemical and operational parameters for a broad spectrum of different AD systems. With this data, Spearman correlation and differential abundance analyses were applied to narrow down the role of the individual microorganisms detected. The authors succeeded in further limiting the number of microorganisms in the core microbiome for a broad range of AD systems. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, MBA03, Proteiniphilum, a member of the family Dethiobacteraceae, the genus Caldicoprobacter and the methanogen Methanosarcina were the most prevalent and abundant organisms identified in all digesters analysed. High ratios for Methanoculleus are often described for agricultural co-digesters. Therefore, it is remarkable that Methanosarcina was surprisingly high in several digesters reaching ratios up to 47.2%. The various statistical analyses revealed that the microorganisms grouped according to different patterns. A purely taxonomic correlation enabled a distinction between an acetoclastic cluster and a hydrogenotrophic one. However, in the multivariate analysis with chemical parameters, the main clusters corresponded to hydrolytic and acidogenic microorganisms, with SAOB bacteria being particularly important in the second group. Including operational parameters resulted in digester-type specific grouping of microbes. Those with separate acidification stood out among the many reactor types due to their unexpected behaviour. Despite maximizing the organic loading rate in the hydrolytic pretreatments, these stages turned into extremely robust methane production units.
CONCLUSIONS: From 80 different AD systems, one of the most holistic data sets is provided. A very distinct formation of microbial clusters was discovered, depending on whether taxonomic, chemical or operational parameters were combined. The microorganisms in the individual clusters were strongly dependent on the respective reference parameters.