Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) face lifelong consequences of their condition, and their healthcare needs evolve as they age. Transitional care for these patients is not universally available and various models have been described. In this article, the authors review the current literature surrounding transitional care for patients with CP, focusing predominantly on the neurosurgical aspects of transitional care, and they describe current approaches adopted by programs in North America. They further describe their own experience developing a transitional care clinic for patients with CP, as well as the integration of this program with a multidisciplinary clinic to address the specific challenges that growing patients face in our region.
The authors performed a literature review to identify models, barriers, and assessments of effective transitional care for CP patients. They also reviewed the recommendations of various professional societies regarding transitional care practices. They performed qualitative analysis of the relevant literature.
Transitional care has been broadly categorized into transitional care clinics with multidisciplinary teams and facilitator-led transitional care. CP patients have to overcome a variety of barriers, including those from within the healthcare system as well as environmental and personal, during the period of their transition. These challenges are all interconnected, and navigation requires healthcare professionals to work closely with patients and their caregivers. Multiple instruments are described to measure successful transition, which is likely a reflection of the unique needs that a patient may require. Current guidelines recommend that neurosurgeons select a suitable model of care based on their own local practice and available services, develop a well-defined transition plan, and identify a primary transition facilitator or care coordinator.
Providing effective transitional care to CP patients remains challenging given the different models of care and the barriers faced by them during the period of transition. In developing a transitional care program for these patients, attention must be given to the resources that are available regionally, with an effort to incorporate the best practices from successful transitional care programs.

The sudden global crisis of COVID-19, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demands swift containment measures due to its rapid spread and numerous problematic mutations, which complicate the establishment of herd immunity. With escalating fatalities across various nations no foreseeable end in sight, there is a pressing need to create swiftly deployable, rapid, cost-effective detection, and treatment methods. While various steps are taken to mitigate the transmission and severity of the disease, vaccination is proven throughout mankind history as the best method to acquire immunity and circumvent the spread of infectious diseases. Nonetheless, relying solely on vaccination might not be adequate to match the relentless viral mutations observed in emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, including alterations to their RBD domain, acquisition of escape mutations, and potential resistance to antibody binding. Beyond the immune system activation achieved through vaccination, it is crucial to develop new medications or treatment methods to either impede the infection or enhance existing treatment modalities. This review emphasizes innovative treatment strategies that aim to directly disrupt the virus\'s ability to replicate and spread, which could play a role in ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Eculizumab, a complement active antibody, and efgartigimod, an Fc fragment that blocks neonatal Fc receptor, are both approved to treat generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) patients. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical response to both treatments in a real-life setting.
METHODS: We collected baseline and follow-up clinical data using the Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG). We included 63 patients, 32 treated with eculizumab and 31 with efgartigimod. Of the efgartigimod-treated patients, 22 were anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR-Ab +) and 9 were AChR-Ab- (3 MuSK-Ab + and 6 seronegative).
RESULTS: Both treatments showed similar efficacy relative to the MG-ADL scale reduction (p = 0.237). Efgartigimod had a similar effect on both AChR-Ab + and AChR-Ab- (p = 0.280). Eculizumab was superior to efgartigimod relative to the QMG score reduction for the entire dataset (p = 0.003) and was more likely to achieve a clinical response at the QMG compared to efgartigimod (OR 1.373; p = 0.016). Steroid-sparing effect was higher for eculizumab than efgartigimod ( - 16.7 vs  - 5.2 mg of the baseline daily dose at follow-up; p = 0.001). Mean speed of prednisone reduction was  - 13.1 mg of the daily dose for each month of follow-up for eculizumab-treated patients and  - 3.2 for efgartigimod (p = 0.001). We found three serious events, all not related to treatment in the investigator\'s opinion. One eculizumab-treated patient experienced a severe pneumonia and died despite treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that eculizumab and efgartigimod can be used in clinical practice to reduce disability in gMG patients. Eculizumab-treated patients had a higher QMG response and steroid sparing effect. Efgartigimod may offer a more flexible schedule due to its cyclical use, no need for vaccination, and efficacy in AChR-Ab- patients.

Images captured in low-light environments are severely degraded due to insufficient light, which causes the performance decline of both commercial and consumer devices. One of the major challenges lies in how to balance the image enhancement properties of light intensity, detail presentation, and colour integrity in low-light enhancement tasks. This study presents a novel image enhancement framework using a detailed-based dictionary learning and camera response model (CRM). It combines dictionary learning with edge-aware filter-based detail enhancement. It assumes each small detail patch could be sparsely characterised in the over-complete detail dictionary that was learned from many training detail patches using iterative ℓ 1 -norm minimization. Dictionary learning will effectively address several enhancement concerns in the progression of detail enhancement if we remove the visibility limit of training detail patches in the enhanced detail patches. We apply illumination estimation schemes to the selected CRM and the subsequent exposure ratio maps, which recover a novel enhanced detail layer and generate a high-quality output with detailed visibility when there is a training set of higher-quality images. We estimate the exposure ratio of each pixel using illumination estimation techniques. The selected camera response model adjusts each pixel to the desired exposure based on the computed exposure ratio map. Extensive experimental analysis shows an advantage of the proposed method that it can obtain enhanced results with acceptable distortions. The proposed research article can be generalised to address numerous other similar problems, such as image enhancement for remote sensing or underwater applications, medical imaging, and foggy or dusty conditions.

Background and aim Millions suffer from anaemia worldwide, and systemic disorders like anaemia harm oral health. Anaemia is linked to periodontitis as certain inflammatory cytokines produced during periodontal inflammation can depress erythropoietin production leading to the development of anemia. Thus, detecting and treating it is crucial to tooth health. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate three different machine-learning approaches for the automated detection of anaemia using clinical intraoral pictures of a patient\'s gingiva. Methodology Orange was employed with squeeze net embedding models for machine learning. Using 300 intraoral clinical photographs of patients\' gingiva, logistic regression, neural network, and naive Bayes were trained and tested for prediction and detection. Accuracy was measured using a confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results In the present study, three convolutional neural network (CNN)-embedded machine-learning algorithms detected and predicted anaemia. For anaemia identification, naive Bayes had an area under curve (AUC) of 0.77, random forest plot had an AUV of 0.78, and logistic regression had 0.85. Thus, the three machine learning methods detected anaemia with 77%, 78%, and 85% accuracy, respectively. Conclusion Using artificial intelligence (AI) with clinical intraoral gingiva images can accurately predict and detect anaemia. These findings need to be confirmed with larger samples and additional imaging modalities.

UNASSIGNED: To assess the utility of wearable cameras in medical examinations, we created a physician-view video-based examination question and explanation, and the survey results indicated that these cameras can enhance the evaluation and educational capabilities of medical examinations.

UNASSIGNED: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a reduction in access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services globally, yet this programme is critical for reducing paediatric HIV incidence. To minimise the impact of COVID-19 and prevent disruptions to the PMTCT service provision, innovative strategies had to be developed and implemented.
UNASSIGNED: The study aimed to describe the approaches that were developed and utilised during the COVID-19 pandemic in enhancing PMTCT services in Tshwane primary healthcare facilities.
UNASSIGNED: Three primary healthcare facilities that were providing PMTCT services during the COVID-19 pandemic located in the Tshwane district, Gauteng province, South Africa.
UNASSIGNED: The study is part of a larger study that focused on the experiences of healthcare workers who were rendering PMTCT services during the COVID-19 pandemic. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design was employed to gain insight into the experiences of 16 purposively sampled healthcare workers who were providing PMTCT services during the pandemic in Tshwane district facilities. In-depth individual audio-recorded interviews were conducted with study participants, following a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis was performed using an IPA framework.
UNASSIGNED: Three superordinate themes emerged: strategies utilised for providing care, community-based initiatives, and support systems to enhance the PMTCT service access.
UNASSIGNED: Strengthening community-based initiatives and support systems is important for the enhancement of the PMTCT programme during and beyond the pandemic.
UNASSIGNED: Community-based initiatives are critical in continuity of PMTCT services, reducing HIV incidence, under-five child morbidity and mortality particularly during emergency situations.

Patients with schizophrenia often experience symptoms such as poor insight and disorganized thought, which limit their ability to seek and receive care consistently. In rural settings, systemic factors, including limited resources and transportation, further contribute to difficulties in health care access. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) can improve medication adherence and reduce hospitalizations from relapse. Opportunities exist for pharmacists to provide individualized care and improved health care access. The pilot service took place in ambulatory care clinics and home care settings. Pharmacists performed weekly reviews of patients with active orders for LAIs, coordinated care with nonadherent patients, and offered follow-up appointments in the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH). For patients unable to be reached, outreach pharmacists provided psychiatric assessment and LAI medication administration at home visits. There were 10 patients with LAI prescriptions in the past year selected for review. The period reviewed was 90 days before and after start of service. Pharmacist interventions resulted in 4 patients reestablished with care who were previously lost to follow-up. The percentage of days covered by LAI fills increased from an average 26% to 67% of days covered (P = .06). Total emergency room visits related to mental health episodes decreased from 11 to 2 visits (P = .03). Four patients who did not have metabolic lab monitoring in more than 1 year received lab monitoring as indicated. PCMH pharmacy services, including home visits by outreach pharmacists, may improve access and bridge care gaps for patients on LAIs by providing community-based services in addition to traditional clinic-based care.

Given that cancer is a challenging disease that plagues millions of individuals of all age groups and socioeconomic statuses globally, developmentally appropriate education is often lacking for young people, particularly adolescents. Increasing cancer awareness and prevention education among adolescents using innovative strategies, such as game-based learning, is critical in reducing the burden of this disease. Adolescents are understudied in the field of cancer prevention and control, yet vulnerable as they tackle creating life-long health behavior patterns. Targeting cancer prevention education for adolescents has the potential to support long-term healthy behavior and reduce their risk of cancer. This paper provides an overview of the Collaborative Research on MEdication use and family health (CRoME) Lab\'s novel game-based cancer prevention education tool. OutSMART Cancer is an innovative, novel educational intervention in the form of a serious game. Serious games are educational tools that seek to impart knowledge and improve behaviors in their players. This game covers information related to breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. This viewpoint is a summary of the developmental process for the OutSMART Cancer game. We describe in detail the work preceding initial game development, the current version of the game, future directions for the game, and its educational potential. The long-term goal of OutSMART Cancer is to improve cancer awareness and knowledge regarding prevention behaviors in adolescents and support a lifetime of health and wellness.

UNASSIGNED: Disease control is essential to decrease morbidity burden and mortality in acromegaly patients. In the last decades, the availability of new drugs increased the rate of disease control. However, up to 55% of patients remain uncontrolled despite available treatment strategies in real-world data. The reasons for this finding may include poor adherence, inadequate tolerability, therapeutic inertia, and high costs. Since acromegaly is a chronic disease and medical therapy is usually life-long, patient\'s adherence to treatment is fundamental in both achieving and maintaining disease control. Less invasive routes of administration could improve adherence and concur to increase disease control rate.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of current review is to provide a detailed update about investigational drugs for acromegaly treatment currently under investigation as paltusotine, ONO-5788, AP102, GT-02037, ISIS 766720, CAM2024, Lanreotide PRF, DP1038, MTD201, solid dose injection of octreotide.
UNASSIGNED: Medical therapy of acromegaly is an evolving field. Current studies are addressing patient\'s need for both new molecules and less invasive routes of administration for already existing drugs. It cannot be ruled out that drugs currently used for other diseases such as cancer could be considered in the future for the treatment of acromegaly.