背景:短脑阻塞性气道综合征(BOAS),在许多平脸狗品种中观察到,是家系犬最紧迫的福利问题之一。近年来,许多国家已经实施了针对BOAS的各种育种计划,但是它们对品种健康的影响仍然未知。BOAS育种试验,由芬兰养犬俱乐部(FKC)使用,包括一个带有恢复评估的锻炼部分,由兽医评估运动前后上呼吸道体征的BOAS分级,和鼻孔狭窄评估。我们研究的目的是评估BOAS育种测试结果,并使用2017-2022年收集的FKC数据的亲代回归来估计BOAS等级的遗传力。
结果:参加FKCBOAS测试的大多数(80%)狗(n=957)是英国斗牛犬,法国斗牛犬,还有帕格.2022年,在FKC注册的这三个品种中,有89-100%的垃圾至少有一个亲本进行了BOAS测试。在英国斗牛犬中,运动测试失败的狗比例最高(11%),其次是法国斗牛犬(4%)和哈巴狗(3%)。在这三个品种中,中度至重度BOAS体征报告占28%,22%和30%的狗,分别。哈巴狗中至重度鼻孔狭窄的比例最高(71%),其次是法国斗牛犬(55%),英国斗牛犬(40%)。分别计算了这三个品种和所有狗的BOAS等级的遗传力估计,估计是中等到高的,范围从0.39到0.58。
结论:单独的运动试验并不能充分识别具有中度至重度BOAS体征的犬只。为了更好地考虑BOAS的复杂性和品种差异,运动耐受力,在饲养动物中,上呼吸道征象(BOAS分级)和鼻孔狭窄的严重程度应一起评估.兽医评估的BOAS等级的遗传力估计表明,BOAS等级可用于选择性育种,以获得受影响较小的后代。
BACKGROUND: Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), observed in many flat-faced dog breeds, is one of the most urgent welfare problems in pedigree dogs. Various breeding schemes against BOAS have been implemented in many countries during recent years, but their impact on breed health remains unknown. The BOAS breeding test, used by the Finnish Kennel Club (FKC), includes an exercise component with a recovery assessment, BOAS grading by a veterinarian that evaluates upper respiratory signs before and after exercise, and a nostril stenosis assessment. The aim of our study was to evaluate BOAS breeding test results and estimate the heritability of the BOAS grade using parent-offspring regression from FKC data collected during 2017-2022.
RESULTS: The majority (80%) of dogs (n = 957) participating in FKC BOAS testing were English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs. In 2022, 89-100% of the litters from these three breeds registered with the FKC had at least one parent tested for BOAS. The proportion of dogs failing the exercise test was highest in English Bulldogs (11%), followed by French Bulldogs (4%) and Pugs (3%). In these three breeds, moderate to severe BOAS signs were reported in 28%, 22% and 30% of dogs, respectively. The proportion of moderate to severe nostril stenosis was highest (71%) in Pugs, followed by French Bulldogs (55%), and English Bulldogs (40%). Estimates of heritability for BOAS grade were separately calculated for these three breeds and for all dogs, and the estimates were moderate to high, ranging from 0.39 to 0.58.
CONCLUSIONS: The exercise test alone did not sufficiently identify dogs with moderate to severe BOAS signs. To better consider the complex nature of BOAS and breed differences, exercise tolerance, the severity of upper respiratory signs (BOAS grade) and nostril stenosis should all be assessed together in breeding animals. The heritability estimates for veterinary-assessed BOAS grade indicated that BOAS grade could be used in selective breeding to obtain less-affected offspring.