生物多样性危机的一个经常被忽视的问题是自然灾害如何导致物种灭绝风险。为了解决这个问题,我们探索了四种自然灾害,地震,飓风,海啸,还有火山,与两栖动物的分布范围重叠,鸟,哺乳动物,和爬行动物分布狭窄或种群很少成熟个体。为了评估哪些物种面临这些自然灾害的风险,我们结合了每种自然灾害的频率和程度来估计它们的影响。我们认为,如果物种与历史上发生过四种自然灾害中的任何一种的地区(n=3,722)重叠,则它们处于危险之中。那些至少四分之一的物种受到相对较高的影响,被认为由于自然灾害而面临灭绝的高风险(n=2,001)。总的来说,834只爬行动物,617个两栖动物,302只鸟248种哺乳动物处于高风险状态,它们主要分布在岛屿和热带地区。飓风(n=983)和地震(n=868)影响了大多数物种,而海啸(n=272),火山(n=171)的影响要小得多。高风险物种数量最多的地区是太平洋火环,尤其是由于火山,地震,和海啸,与飓风有关的高危物种集中在加勒比海,墨西哥湾,和西北太平洋。我们的研究提供了有关因自然灾害而处于危险中的物种的重要信息,并可以帮助指导保护关注和保护其生存的努力。
An often-overlooked question of the biodiversity crisis is how natural hazards contribute to species extinction risk. To address this issue, we explored how four natural hazards, earthquakes, hurricanes,
tsunamis, and volcanoes, overlapped with the distribution ranges of amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles that have either narrow distributions or populations with few mature individuals. To assess which species are at risk from these natural hazards, we combined the frequency and magnitude of each natural hazard to estimate their impact. We considered species at risk if they overlapped with regions where any of the four natural hazards historically occurred (n = 3,722). Those species with at least a quarter of their range subjected to a high relative impact were considered at high risk (n = 2,001) of extinction due to natural hazards. In total, 834 reptiles, 617 amphibians, 302 birds, and 248 mammals were at high risk and they were mainly distributed on islands and in the tropics. Hurricanes (n = 983) and earthquakes (n = 868) affected most species, while
tsunamis (n = 272), and volcanoes (n = 171) affected considerably fewer. The region with the highest number of species at high risk was the Pacific Ring of Fire, especially due to volcanoes, earthquakes, and
tsunamis, while hurricane-related high-risk species were concentrated in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and northwestern Pacific Ocean. Our study provides important information regarding the species at risk due to natural hazards and can help guide conservation attention and efforts to safeguard their survival.