■东方西莉亚,一种经济上重要的蜱传血寄生虫,在全球范围内感染牛。池田东方毛虫基因型,由长毛钩虫蜱传播,与以贫血为特征的临床表现有关,堕胎,和死亡率,尽管亚临床感染盛行。尽管亚临床感染很常见,在这种情况下,目前缺乏针对池田T.Orientalis的治疗干预措施,阻碍有效的寄生虫控制措施。为了解决这一关键的知识差距,我们评估了布帕伐喹(BPQ)在消除T.OrientalisIkeda,美国孤立,在亚临床感染的牛中。
■12只亚临床感染的小牛,通过外周血中存在侧柏,同时没有发烧和贫血,参加了这项研究。六头小牛以48小时的间隔接受了两次BPQ标签剂量(2.5mg/kg)的治疗,而另外三只小牛在相同的方案后以6mg/kg的剂量接受了该药物。三只未经处理的小牛作为对照。
■终点和定量PCR分析显示,BPQ对东方毛虫寄生虫血症有短暂作用。在施用2.5mg/kg和6mg/kgBPQ的动物中,直到治疗后第4周和第11周,分别。有趣的是,在复发之后,对先前用2.5mg/kg治疗的动物施用6mg/kg不会导致寄生虫负荷的减少。药代动力学分析数据表明,逐步增加剂量会导致BPQ的血清浓度成比例增加。此外,在用该药物治疗的动物中观察到血尿素氮显著但可逆的降低(p<0.05),不管剂量。尽管寄生虫血症复发,与对照和用2.5mg/kg药物治疗的动物相比,用6mg/kgBPQ治疗的动物表现出对侧柏主要浆质表面蛋白特异性的IgG水平显著降低(p<0.05)。
■BPQ未显示出清除亚临床T.Ikeda感染的疗效。未来的调查有必要探索创新的治疗方式,与疫苗和诊断试验协同作用,可以促进制定旨在控制和根除这种寄生虫的综合计划。
UNASSIGNED: Theileria orientalis, an economically significant tick-borne hemoparasite, infects cattle globally. The T. orientalis Ikeda genotype, transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, is associated with clinical manifestations characterized by anemia, abortions, and mortality, although subclinical infections prevail. Despite the common occurrence of subclinical infections, therapeutic interventions targeting T. orientalis Ikeda in such cases are currently lacking, impeding effective parasite control measures. To address this critical knowledge gap, we assessed the efficacy of buparvaquone (BPQ) in eliminating the T. orientalis Ikeda, US isolate, in sub-clinically infected cattle.
UNASSIGNED: Twelve sub-clinically infected calves, identified by the presence of T. orientalis in peripheral blood alongside the absence of fever and anemia, were enrolled in the study. Six calves received two treatments of the BPQ label dose (2.5 mg/kg) at a 48-h interval, while additional three calves received the drug at a dosage of 6 mg/kg following the same regimen. Three untreated calves served as controls.
UNASSIGNED: Endpoint and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that BPQ exerted a transient effect on T. orientalis parasitemia. Parasites remained undetectable in peripheral blood until weeks 4 and 11 post-treatment in animals administered 2.5 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg of BPQ, respectively. Intriguingly, following recrudescence, administering 6 mg/kg to animals previously treated with 2.5 mg/kg did not result in a reduction in parasite load. Pharmacokinetic analysis data suggested that escalating the dosage led to a less than proportional increase in serum concentrations of BPQ. Moreover, a significant yet reversible decrease (p < 0.05) in blood urea nitrogen was observed in animals treated with the drug, irrespective of the dosage. Despite parasitemia relapse, animals treated with 6 mg/kg BPQ exhibited a noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in IgG levels specific to the T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein compared to controls and animals treated with 2.5 mg/kg of the drug.
UNASSIGNED: BPQ did not demonstrate efficacy in clearing subclinical T. orientalis Ikeda infection. Future investigations are warranted to explore innovative therapeutic modalities that, in synergy with vaccines and diagnostic assays, can facilitate the development of comprehensive programs aimed at controlling and eradicating this parasite.