在灵长类动物中,高视力是由中央凹介导的,视网膜的一个小的专门的中央区域。中央凹,哺乳动物中类人猿谱系所特有的,在出生后成熟期间经历了显着的神经元形态变化。然而,类人猿中央凹的细胞相似性程度和中央凹成熟的分子基础尚不清楚。这里,我们使用高通量单细胞RNA测序来分析普通mar猴(Callithrixjacchus)的视网膜细胞,类人猿进化与人类的早期分歧,猿类,还有猕猴.我们为新生儿和成人生成了the猴窝和周围视网膜的图谱。我们的比较分析显示,猿猴几乎与人类和猕猴共享所有的中央凹类型,突出了灵长类中央凹的保守细胞结构。此外,通过追踪中央凹和周边视网膜细胞类型的发育轨迹,我们为每个人找到了不同的成熟路径。对基因表达差异的深入分析表明,视锥光感受器和Müller胶质(MG),其中,显示这两个区域之间最大的分子差异。利用单细胞ATAC-seq和基因调控网络推断,我们发现了不同的转录调控区分中央凹锥与周围对应物。对预测的配体-受体相互作用的进一步分析表明,MG在支持中央凹锥成熟中具有潜在作用。一起,这些结果为中央凹发育提供了有价值的见解,结构,和进化。
In primates, high-acuity vision is mediated by the
fovea, a small specialized central region of the retina. The
fovea, unique to the anthropoid lineage among mammals, undergoes notable neuronal morphological changes during postnatal maturation. However, the extent of cellular similarity across anthropoid foveas and the molecular underpinnings of foveal maturation remain unclear. Here, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing to profile retinal cells of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), an early divergent in anthropoid evolution from humans, apes, and macaques. We generated atlases of the marmoset
fovea and peripheral retina for both neonates and adults. Our comparative analysis revealed that marmosets share almost all their foveal types with both humans and macaques, highlighting a conserved cellular structure among primate foveas. Furthermore, by tracing the developmental trajectory of cell types in the foveal and peripheral retina, we found distinct maturation paths for each. In-depth analysis of gene expression differences demonstrated that cone photoreceptors and Müller glia (MG), among others, show the greatest molecular divergence between these two regions. Utilizing single-cell ATAC-seq and gene-regulatory network inference, we uncovered distinct transcriptional regulations differentiating foveal cones from their peripheral counterparts. Further analysis of predicted ligand-receptor interactions suggested a potential role for MG in supporting the maturation of foveal cones. Together, these results provide valuable insights into foveal development, structure, and evolution.