Abstract：
The human fovea is known for its distinctive pit-like appearance, which results from the displacement of retinal layers superficial to the photoreceptors cells. The photoreceptors are found at high density within the foveal region but not the surrounding retina. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these unique features have ruled out cell death as an explanation for pit formation and changes in cell proliferation as the cause of increased photoreceptor density. These findings have led to speculation that mechanical forces acting within and on the retina during development underly the formation of foveal architecture. Here we review eye morphogenesis and retinal remodeling in human embryonic development. Our meta-analysis of the literature suggests that fovea formation is a protracted process involving dynamic changes in ocular shape that start early and continue throughout most of human embryonic development. From these observations, we propose a new model for fovea development.
摘要：
人类的中央凹以其独特的坑状外观而闻名，这是由于视网膜表层向光感受器细胞移位所致。光感受器在中央凹区域而不是周围的视网膜内以高密度被发现。阐明导致这些独特特征的机制的努力已经排除了细胞死亡作为凹坑形成的解释和细胞增殖变化作为增加光感受器密度的原因。这些发现导致人们猜测，在发育过程中作用在视网膜内和视网膜上的机械力是中央凹结构形成的基础。在这里，我们回顾了人类胚胎发育中的眼睛形态发生和视网膜重塑。我们对文献的荟萃分析表明，中央凹的形成是一个长期的过程，涉及眼部形状的动态变化，该过程在早期开始并持续到整个人类胚胎发育的大部分时间。从这些观察来看,我们提出了一种新的中央凹发育模型。
