BACKGROUND: Despite the extensive use of community-based participatory research (CBPR) in health-related projects, there is limited work on how CBPR processes result in outcomes, especially in household and ambient air pollution (HAAP) research. This study explores the reflections of key informants on factors that shape the implementation and outcomes of CBPR in HAAP projects.
METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 key stakeholders, including academic researchers, non-governmental organisation administrators, a policymaker, and community members. All interviewees have experience in CBPR projects. Interviews were analysed using framework analysis, and findings were mapped to Wallerstein et al.\'s CBPR conceptual model, which consists of four constructs: context, partnership processes, intervention and research, and outcomes.
RESULTS: The findings are described under two main categories: \'barriers to participation\' and \'good practices for effective CBPR design and implementation\'. Relevant sub-categories were barriers at the structural, research, community, and individual levels. Suggestions for good practices included respect, cultural humility, trust, effective communication, suitable and affordable interventions such as improved cookstoves, appropriate participatory research tools, and gratuity for the community\'s time.
CONCLUSIONS: Key informants\' perspectives identified factors supported by the CBPR model to inform the design and implementation of the CBPR approach. The add-ons to some of the model\'s factors, such as intra-community dynamics, give value to the informants\' knowledge to support community-research partnerships and improve outcomes in HAAP intervention projects. Addressing these factors at the design stage and reporting CBPR evaluation could deepen the understanding of community-research partnerships.

BACKGROUND: Addressing Indigenous food security and food sovereignty calls for community-driven strategies to improve access to and availability of traditional and local food. Participatory approaches that integrate Indigenous leadership have supported successful program implementation. Learning Circles: Local Healthy Food to School is a participatory program that convenes a range of stakeholders including food producers, educators and Knowledge Keepers to plan, implement and monitor local food system action. Pilot work (2014-2015) in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia (BC), showed promising results of the Learning Circles (LC) approach in enhancing local and traditional food access, knowledge and skills among youth and adolescents. The objective of the current evaluation was therefore to examine the process of scaling-up the LC vertically within the Haida Nation; and horizontally across three diverse First Nations contexts: Gitxsan Nation, Hazelton /Upper Skeena, BC; Ministikwan Lake Cree Nation, Saskatchewan; and Black River First Nation, Manitoba between 2016 and 2019.
METHODS: An implementation science framework, Foster-Fishman and Watson\'s (2012) ABLe Change Framework, was used to understand the LC as a participatory approach to facilitate community capacity building to strengthen local food systems. Interviews (n = 52), meeting summaries (n = 44) and tracking sheets (n = 39) were thematically analyzed.
RESULTS: The LC facilitated a collaborative process to: (1) build on strengths and explore ways to increase readiness and capacity to reclaim traditional and local food systems; (2) strengthen connections to land, traditional knowledge and ways of life; (3) foster community-level action and multi-sector partnerships; (4) drive actions towards decolonization through revitalization of traditional foods; (5) improve availability of and appreciation for local healthy and traditional foods in school communities; and (6) promote holistic wellness through steps towards food sovereignty and food security. Scale-up within Haida Gwaii supported a growing, robust local and traditional food system and enhanced Haida leadership. The approach worked well in other First Nations contexts, though baseline capacity and the presence of champions were enabling factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight LC as a participatory approach to build capacity and support iterative planning-to-action in community food systems. Identified strengths and challenges support opportunities to expand, adopt and modify the LC approach in other Indigenous communities with diverse food systems.

BACKGROUND: People with developmental disabilities make important contributions to research. However, inaccessible research ethics trainings present a barrier to them taking on some research roles.
OBJECTIVE: We developed a social-behavioral research ethics training that leads to certification tailored to the accessibility needs and roles of community research partners with developmental disabilities.
METHODS: We collaborated with diverse partners (people with developmental disabilities, a disability service provider, health researchers, human research participant protections experts) to develop the research ethics training. To identify potential training content, we conducted a rapid scoping review of ethical, legal, and social issues in social-behavioral research with adults with developmental disabilities and reviewed national research ethics curricula. Through discussions and a modified Delphi process, we worked with partners to identify content to teach; partners also provided guidance on accessibility.
RESULTS: The training and rapid scoping reviews and input from partners resulted in 93 potential educational content elements to include. After completing the modified Delphi process, partners recommended inclusion of 83 of these content elements in the educational training and provided input on depth and approach to teaching this content. Research Ethics for All is a freely available training that includes 5 units, delivered via didactic and active learning, and assessment activities to verify understanding. Research Ethics for All should be facilitated by an experienced researcher.
CONCLUSIONS: Research Ethics for All includes foundational social-behavioral research ethics content designed to support community research partners with developmental disabilities to take on new research responsibilities.

Critical feminist research addresses social inequities, encourages equitable partnerships between researchers and participants, and acknowledges that research can be inherently political. Building upon critical feminist research practices, community-based participatory research, and social and structural epidemiology, we propose the approach of critical feminist epidemiology. A critical feminist epidemiology approach can study community and population health inequities with an eye towards identifying interventions that reduce inequities, through research processes that center the lived experiences of people from minoritized genders. We describe how our interdisciplinary, community-led team used a critical feminist epidemiology approach for an applied public health research project. Mujeres Unidas y Activas, a community organizing non-profit led by and for Latina and Indigenous immigrant women, partnered with academic researchers to conduct community-led research around how their approach to building community power affected the health and wellbeing of organization members and their families. Critical feminist epidemiology is a promising approach for conducting research that is grounded in and relevant to the lives of women and gender expansive people. Building upon social epidemiology and community-based participatory research, critical feminist epidemiology can be a useful research approach to generate novel evidence to inform action towards health equity for communities and populations.

BACKGROUND: Transgender, non-binary and gender non-conforming (herein, \"TGNC\") youth (15-24 years old) face overlapping minority stressors (e.g., gender discrimination, lack of access to gender-affirming care, rejection, violence) that contribute to mental health inequities. TGNC youth also use substances at higher rates when compared to cisgender youth, including some of the highest rates of cannabis use in Canada.
METHODS: This community-based participatory research study provides an in-depth qualitative, photovoice-based analysis examining how cannabis use features within the gender experiences of a sample of TGNC youth in British Columbia (BC). We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 27 TGNC youth (15-24 years old) from across British Columbia. Interviews were designed to elicit discussions about the photos youth had taken as well as various gender and mental health experiences related to their cannabis use. Analysis and identification of emergent themes was guided by social constructivist grounded theory as well as queer and trans theorizing and informed by community-based research approaches through regular meetings with our team\'s Substance Use Beyond the Binary Youth Action Committee comprised of TGNC youth who use substances.
RESULTS: Three overarching themes pertaining to cannabis use and gender experiences amongst TGNC youth in our study were generated. First, participants used cannabis purposefully and strategically to enact diverse gender expressions and embodiments. Second, participants leveraged cannabis to support introspection whilst mobilizing identity discovery and development. Finally, participants mobilized cannabis as a vehicle for accessing moments of gender euphoria and affirmation.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify how some TGNC youth use cannabis to purposefully and strategically facilitate their mental health, well-being, identity development and self-expression. This research reveals critically important experiential and embodied dimensions of cannabis use that have not historically been considered in cannabis-related policy and the provision of care, including mental health and substance use-related care.

BACKGROUND:  Participating in surveys can shape the perception of participants related to the study topic. Administering a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire can have negative impacts on participants\' vaccine confidence. This is particularly true for online and cross-cultural data collection because culturally safe health education to correct misinformation is typically not provided after the administration of an electronic survey.
OBJECTIVE:  To create a culturally safe, online, COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey for Indigenous youth designed to collect authentic, culturally relevant data of their vaccine experiences, with a low risk of contributing to further vaccine confusion among participants.
METHODS:  Using the Aboriginal Telehealth Knowledge Circle consensus method, a team of academics, health care providers, policy makers, and community partners reviewed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy surveys used in public health research, analyzed potential risks, and created a framework for electronic Indigenous vaccine confidence surveys as well as survey items.
RESULTS:  The framework for safer online survey items is based on 2 principles, a first do-no-harm approach and applying a strengths-based lens. Relevant survey domains identified in the process include sociodemographic information, participants\' connection to their community, preferred sources for health information, vaccination uptake among family members and peers, as well as personal attitudes toward vaccines. A total of 44 survey items were developed, including 5 open-ended items to improve the authenticity of the data and the analysis of the experiences of Indigenous youth.
CONCLUSIONS:  Using an Indigenous consensus method, we have developed an online COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey with culturally relevant domains and reduced the risk of amplifying misinformation and negative impacts on vaccine confidence among Indigenous participants. Our approach can be adapted to other online survey development in collaboration with Indigenous communities.

Recognizing the real-life impact of racial stress on physical and psychological health is vital for creating impactful health promotion interventions among African American families. Despite the known link between racial stress and poor physical health outcomes, no existing intervention to date has targeted stress management strategies to buffer racial stress and build positive health behaviors among African American families. The current study outlines the lessons learned throughout the development of the Linking Exercise for Advancing Daily Stress (LEADS) Management and Resilience program, a 10-week family-based health promotion, stress management, and resilience intervention that aimed to improve physical activity, healthy eating, and well-being among African American adolescents and parents. We highlight the evolution of the LEADS intervention from a health promotion and stress management intervention to a culturally salient health promotion, stress management, and resilience intervention utilizing community-based participatory research strategies. This paper chronicles our systematic journey in making those changes and the lessons we learned along the way. We provide specific recommendations and implications for future health promotion interventions developed for African American families. Overall, we argue for a research orientation that respects cultural and racial contexts, embraces diversity within research teams and self-reflection, recognizes the heterogeneity among African American populations, and applies strength-based approaches.

Research on sexual and gender minority (SGM) and domestic violence/sexual assault (DV/SA) is needed given that SGM people are at elevated risk of experiencing DV/SA and accessing inclusive and affirming services from DV/SA community agencies poses challenges for SGM survivors. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is emerging as a valuable methodological tool in this area, yet few CBPR studies focus on DV/SA among SGM people. In the current paper, we present a case study of a CBPR study conducted in collaboration with SGM survivors of DV/SA, as well as community stakeholders (i.e., DV/SA agency staff and providers). More specifically, we make six recommendations to address CBPR study challenges specifically focused on SGM DV/SA, including (a) integrating positionality throughout every step of the research process, (b) establishing rapport with community partners early in the process, (c) engaging external experts in conducting research related to SGM DV/SA to enhance community-research partnerships, (d) ensuring diverse identities are represented within the study team, (e) developing clear, co-defined feedback and communication guidelines with a Survivor Advisory Board (SAB), and (f) implementing an SAB engagement/retention plan. We also provide concrete examples from our CBPR case study to illustrate each recommendation. These recommendations may enhance the impact of conducting CBPR that seeks to promote recovery from DV/SA among SGM via practices for sustainable community partnerships and linkage-to-care efforts for SGM survivors.

BACKGROUND: Inequities in palliative and end-of-life care access exist, with evidence of lower uptake of these services among people from the British Muslim community. Little research exists exploring the experiences of British Muslims with palliative care needs and their families during the pandemic or before.
OBJECTIVE: To coproduce peer research exploring the experiences of British Muslims with palliative care needs and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A collaborative peer research interview study. Peer researchers were recruited and trained to undertake qualitative interviewing. Data were analysed using reflective thematic analysis.
METHODS: 3 peer researchers conducted 11 telephone interviews (10 in English and 1 in Urdu) between August and September 2021 with 12 participants (5 people with palliative care needs and 7 family carers).
RESULTS: Four themes were identified: (1) issues in accessing healthcare exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the impact on family carers, (3) variation in support from community groups and (4) social and information exclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing challenges to accessing healthcare services for British Muslims with palliative care needs. Family members experienced the cumulative impact of supporting people with palliative needs while also advocating for and supporting them to access the care they required. Language barriers, digital exclusion and uncertainly about how to access information, in addition to the apparent lack of consideration of important festivals in the Muslim calendar in the implementation of policies around lockdowns, culminated in a sense of exclusion from COVID-19-related policies and messaging for this population.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the need to involve people from diverse backgrounds in the design and delivery of healthcare services and policies. Learning from this unique time in our histories should be used to shape future delivery of culturally aware and inclusive care.

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