该研究表征了2020年12月至2021年11月之间温室气体(GHG)通量(CO2,CH4和N2O)的时空变化及其在印度喜马拉雅山麓亚热带湿地中的调节驱动因素。五个不同的栖息地(沼泽森林的M1草皮表面,M2-沼泽森林的平原表面,M3-带有小草的沼泽表面,M4-沼泽土地,拥有密集的大型植物,和具有稀疏植物的M5沼泽土地)进行了研究。我们进行了温室气体通量的原位测量,小气候(AT,ST,和SMC(v/v)),和土壤特性(pH,EC,N,P,K,和SOC)在所有栖息地类型中重复三次。在整个栖息地,CO2,CH4和N2O通量的范围分别为125至536mgm-2h-1,0.32至28.4mgm-2h-1和0.16至3.14mgm-2h-1。生境(M3和M5)表现出比其他生境更高的GHG通量。CH4通量遵循夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的层次结构。然而,CO2和N2O通量跟随夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。CO2通量主要受ST和SOC控制。然而,CH4和N2O通量主要受生境中ST和SMC(v/v)调节。在N2O通量的情况下,土壤P和EC在整个生境中也起着至关重要的作用。AT是控制整个栖息地所有温室气体通量的通用驱动器。结果强调,亚热带喜马拉雅湿地的长期温室气体通量监测对于准确预测近期的温室气体通量及其随气候变化而变化的性质已成为当务之急。
The study characterized the temporal and spatial variability in greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) between December 2020 and November 2021 and their regulating drivers in the subtropical wetland of the Indian Himalayan foothill. Five distinct habitats (M1-sloppy surface at swamp forest, M2-plain surface at swamp forest, M3-swamp surface with small grasses, M4-marshy land with dense macrophytes, and M5-marshy land with sparse macrophytes) were studied. We conducted in situ measurements of GHG fluxes, microclimate (AT, ST, and SMC(v/v)), and soil properties (pH, EC, N, P, K, and SOC) in triplicates in all the habitat types. Across the habitats, CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes ranged from 125 to 536 mg m-2 h-1, 0.32 to 28.4 mg m-2 h-1, and 0.16 to 3.14 mg m-2 h-1, respectively. The habitats (M3 and M5) exhibited higher GHG fluxes than the others. The CH4 flux followed the summer > autumn > spring > winter hierarchy. However, CO2 and N2O fluxes followed the summer > spring > autumn > winter. CO2 fluxes were primarily governed by ST and SOC. However, CH4 and N2O fluxes were mainly regulated by ST and SMC(v/v) across the habitats. In the case of N2O fluxes, soil P and EC also played a crucial role across the habitats. AT was a universal driver controlling all GHG fluxes across the habitats. The results emphasize that long-term GHG flux monitoring in sub-tropical Himalayan Wetlands has become imperative to accurately predict the near-future GHG fluxes and their changing nature with the ongoing climate change.