Human activities led to elevation in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in atmosphere. While such increase per se may be beneficial for the growth of some crops, it comes with a caveat of affecting crop nutritional status. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of changes in concentration of essential (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo, Ni) and non-essential (Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Sr) heavy metals in response to elevated CO2, drawing on a meta-analysis of 1216 paired observations. The major findings are as follows: (1) Elevated CO2 leads to reduced concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in crops; (2) the extent of above reduction varies among plants species and is most pronounced in cereals and then in legumes and vegetables; (3) reduction in accumulation of non-essential (toxic) metals is less pronounced, potentially leading to an unfavorable essential/non-essential metal ratio in plants; (4) the above effects will come with significant implication to human health, exacerbating effects of the \"hidden hunger\" caused by the lack of Fe and Zn in the human diets. The paper also analyses the mechanistic basis of nutrient acquisition (both at physiological and molecular levels) and calls for the changes in the governmental policies to increase efforts of plant breeders to create genotypes with improved nutrient use efficiency for essential micronutrients while uncoupling their transport from non-essential (toxic) heavy metals.

In East Asia, where several countries are among the top emitters of carbon dioxide globally, the need to address the dual challenges of reducing carbon footprints and ensuring health security is paramount. Against this backdrop, this study used a descriptive analysis to provide a comparative assessment of the carbon footprints and the level of health security in East Asia using secondary data, sourced from the World Development Indicators. The findings from the study show that it is only North Korea that its average carbon footprint of every person is less than 2.3 tons. However, China, Japan, Mongolia and South Korea are currently lagging behind in meeting the SDG 13 target. Meanwhile, North Korea recorded the highest incidence of tuberculosis in the region. Despite the fact that South Korea and Japan were the highest emitter of CO2, the duo had the lowest under five mortality, infant mortality, incidence of TB alongside the highest life expectancies which surpassed the regional performance. In view of the above, the policymakers in Asia and the rest of the countries with health insecurity should emulate the policymakers in Japan and South Korea by making adequate investment in health, education, and standard of living of their citizens.
En Asie de l’Est, où plusieurs pays comptent parmi les plus grands émetteurs de dioxyde de carbone au monde, la nécessité de relever le double défi de réduire l’empreinte carbone et d’assurer la sécurité sanitaire est primordiale. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a utilisé une analyse descriptive pour fournir une évaluation comparative des empreintes carbone et du niveau de sécurité sanitaire en Asie de l’Est à l’aide de données secondaires provenant des indicateurs de développement mondial. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que seule la Corée du Nord a une empreinte carbone moyenne par personne inférieure à 2,3 tonnes. Cependant, la Chine, le Japon, la Mongolie et la Corée du Sud sont actuellement à la traîne dans la réalisation de l’ODD 13. Pendant ce temps, la Corée du Nord a enregistré la plus forte incidence de tuberculose dans la région. Bien que la Corée du Sud et le Japon soient les plus grands émetteurs de CO2, ces deux pays ont les taux de mortalité des moins de cinq ans, de mortalité infantile et d\'incidence de tuberculose les plus faibles, ainsi que les espérances de vie les plus élevées, dépassant les performances régionales. Compte tenu de ce qui précède, les décideurs politiques d’Asie et du reste des pays souffrant d’insécurité sanitaire devraient imiter les décideurs politiques du Japon et de la Corée du Sud en investissant de manière adéquate dans la santé, l’éducation et le niveau de vie de leurs citoyens.

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERCO2) has emerged as one of the most promising methods for achieving both renewable energy storage and CO2 recovery. However, achieving both high selectivity and stability of catalysts remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, this study investigated the selective synthesis of formate via ERCO2 at the interface of In2O3 and Bi2O3 in the InBiO6 composite material. Moreover, InBiO6 was synthesized using indium-based metal-organic frameworks as precursor, which underwent continuous processing through ion exchange and thermal reduction. The results revealed that the formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) of InBiO6 reached nearly 100 % at -0.86 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and remained above 90 % after continuous 317-h electrolysis, which exceeded those of previously reported indium-based catalysts. Additionally, the InBiO6 composite material exhibited an FEformate exceeding 80 % across a wide potential range of 500 mV from -0.76 to -1.26 V vs. RHE. Density-functional theory analysis confirmed that the heterogeneous interface of InBiO6 played a role in achieving optimal free energies for *OCHO on its surface. Furthermore, the addition of Bi to the InBiO6 matrix facilitated electron transfer and altered the electronic structure of In2O3, thereby enhancing the adsorption, decomposition, and formate production of *OCHO.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the influence of different partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) levels on organ perfusion in patients with respiratory failure receiving pressure-support ventilation with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO).
METHODS: In this twelve patients prospective study, ECMO gas-flow was decreased from baseline (PaCO2 < 40 mmHg) until PaCO2 increased by 5-10 mmHg (High-CO2 phase). Resistance indices of gut, spleen, and snuffbox artery, the peripheral perfusion index (PPI), and heart rate variability were measured at baseline and High-CO2 phase.
RESULTS: When PaCO2 increased from 36 (36-37) mmHg at baseline to 42 (41-43) mmHg in the High-CO2 phase (p < 0.001), PPI decreased significantly (p = 0.026). The snuffbox artery (p = 0.022), superior mesenteric artery (p = 0.042), and spleen (p = 0.012) resistance indices increased significantly. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) decreased from 19.5(18.1-22.7) to 15.9(14.4-18.6) ms (p = 0.034), and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency components(LF/HF) increased from 0.47 ± 0.23 to 0.70 ± 0.38 (p = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS: High PaCO2 might cause decreased peripheral tissue and visceral organ perfusion through autonomic nervous system in patients with respiratory failure undergoing PSV with V-V ECMO.

Sunlight irradiation significantly mediates plant litter\'s carbon dynamics and volatile carbon release in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. In this process, carbon loss is controlled by lignin, but the mechanisms of production of CO2 and CH4 during lignin photolysis are ambiguous. In this study, the photomineralization of plant litter and the lignocellulosic component collectively indicate that lignin is a major source of CO2 and CH4 emissions. Characterization and free radical analysis reveal that the production of CO2 is due to the oxidation and ring-opening reaction of the coniferyl alcohol unit, with the subsequent decarboxylation of carboxylic acid as an oxidation product. This reaction involves o-quinone formation by the reactions between O2, superoxide radical (O2·-), and persistent free radicals (PFRs)-bearing lignin. Of this, O2·- contributes to 43.2% of the photogenerated CO2, as a new pathway, derived from the electron transfer from PFRs to O2. Interestingly, photoinduced demethylation of the dimethoxybenzene-type compounds as the photolysis products of lignin results in a never-before-reported CH4 formation chemical route independent of that of O2. This mechanistic insight into the role of lignin in volatile carbon production from the irradiative plant litter will contribute to a deeper understanding of carbon balance in water-limited ecosystems.

Developing recyclable and self-healing non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) from renewable resources to replace traditional petroleum-based polyurethane (PU) is crucial for advancing green chemistry and sustainable development. Herein, a series of innovative cross-linked Poly(hydroxyurethane-urea)s (PHUUs) were prepared using renewable carbon dioxide (CO2) and vanillin, which displayed excellent thermal stability properties and solvent resistance. These PHUUs were constructed through the introduction of reversible hydrogen and imine bonds into cross-linked polymer networks, resulting in the cross-linked PHUUs exhibiting thermoplastic-like reprocessability, self healing, and closed-loop recyclability. Notably, the results indicated that the VL-TTD*-50 with remarkable hot-pressed remolding efficiency (nearly 98.0%) and self-healing efficiency (exceeding 95.0%) of tensile strength at 60 °C. Furthermore, they can be degraded in the 1M HCl and THF (v:v = 2:8) solution at room temperature, followed by regeneration without altering their original chemical structure and mechanical properties. This study presents a novel strategy for preparing cross-linked PHUUs with self-healing and closed-loop recyclability from renewable resources as sustainable alternatives for traditional petroleum-based PUs.

Significant interest has emerged for the application of Pd-In2O3 catalysts as high-performance catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. However, precise active site control in these catalysts and understanding their reaction mechanisms remain major challenges. In this investigation, a series of Pd-InOx catalysts were synthesized, revealing three distinct types of active sites: In-O, Pd-O(H)-In, and Pd2In3. Lower Pd loadings exhibited Pd-O(H)-In sites, while higher loadings resulted in Pd2In3 intermetallic compounds. These variations impacted catalytic performance, with Pd-O(H)-In catalysts showing heightened activity at lower temperatures due to the enhanced CO2 adsorption and H2 activation, and Pd2In3 catalysts performing better at elevated temperatures due to the further enhanced H2 activation. In situ DRIFTS studies revealed an alteration in key intermediates from *HCOO over In-O bonds to *COOH over Pd-O(H)-In and Pd2In3 sites, leading to a shift in the main reaction pathway transition and product distribution. Our findings underscore the importance of active site engineering for optimizing catalytic performance and offer valuable insights for the rational design of efficient CO2 conversion catalysts.

The selective C-methylenation of N-unsubstituted indoles using CO2 as the C1 source to access diindolylmethane (DIM) and its derivatives is described. This reaction provides a novel method for four-electron reductive functionalization of CO2 with N-unsubstituted indoles via formation of C-CH2-C bonds, and a new access to molecular structures.

新型冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）导致的重症呼吸困难和尿毒症的患者，治疗难度高。体外二氧化碳清除（ECCO2R）联合连续性肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）在这些患者中应用的有效性尚不明确。本文报告了1例65岁男性患者，探讨ECCO2R联合CRRT治疗尿毒症合并COVID-19重症的临床效果。患者既往有糖尿病史16年，双眼盲，糖尿病肾病Ⅴ期，肾功能恶化，并发多种基础疾病。入院后，患者被诊断为新冠肺炎、慢性肾脏病5期、糖尿病肾病Ⅴ期等。入院第2天起行CRRT治疗，后因二氧化碳潴留严重，于第19天加用ECCO2R联合CRRT治疗。治疗过程中监测患者血气分析、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、pH值等变化。结果显示，患者在接受ECCO2R联合CRRT治疗后，PaCO2显著下降，pH值明显上升，呼吸和代谢状况均有改善。尽管治疗后48 h内患者因脑出血不幸去世，但治疗过程中的临床数据表明ECCO2R联合CRRT在二氧化碳清除和代谢平衡方面具有显著效果。本例患者的治疗经验初步证实ECCO2R联合CRRT在治疗尿毒症合并COVID-19重症患者中潜在的应用价值，为未来临床实践提供了重要参考。.

The emission of heavy-duty vehicles has raised great concerns worldwide. The complex working and loading conditions, which may differ a lot from PEMS tests, raised new challenges to the supervision and control of emissions, especially during real-world applications. On-board diagnostics (OBD) technology with data exchange enabled and strengthened the monitoring of emissions from a large number of heavy-duty diesel vehicles. This paper presents an analysis of the OBD data collected from more than 800 city and highway heavy-duty vehicles in China using remote OBD data terminals. Real-world NOx and CO2 emissions of China-6 heavy-duty vehicles have been examined. The results showed that city heavy-duty vehicles had higher NOx emission levels, which was mostly due to longer time of low SCR temperatures below 180°C. The application of novel methods based on 3B-MAW also found that heavy-duty diesel vehicles tended to have high NOx emissions at idle. Also, little difference had been found in work-based CO2 emissions, and this may be due to no major difference were found in occupancies of hot running.