关于tick传播的病原体的存在及其在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的Ixodes物种中的分布的信息有限。本研究旨在鉴定立克次体。,巴贝西亚。,吞噬体,从波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那不同地区的家养和野生动物和植被中收集的Ixodes蜱和Borreliaburgdorferisensulato(s.l.)。共有7438只成年蜱,包括4526个蓖麻,Ixodescanisuga,和六角形Ixodes,被收集。450个汇集的蓖麻病毒样本的实时PCR筛选显示至少一种病原体的感染率为22.1%。立克次体属。(6.3%)在狗的蜱中发现,猫,和山羊,巴贝西亚。(3.1%)来自狗和牛的蜱,A.来自狗的蜱中的吞噬细胞(8.8%),山羊,和牛,和B.burgdorferis.l.(3.4%)在狗和猫的蜱中。与B.burgdorferis.l.和A.吞噬细胞混合感染,还有B.burgdorferis.l.和立克次体。,在狗和猫的两个蓖麻中发现,分别。此外,与立克次体属的共感染。并且在来自狗和山羊的三个蜱池中证实了吞噬细胞。对来自这些汇集样品的每个蜱进行单独重新测试以确认病原体的存在。在所检查的I.canisuga(1)和I.hexagonus(6)的合并样本中,未检测到检测到的病原体。我们的发现代表了立克次体属的首次检测。,巴贝西亚。,A.吞噬细胞,B.burgdorferis.l.inI.ricinus收集自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的家畜和植被。考虑到既定的感染率,从家畜和植被收集的成年蜱中检测到蜱传病原体,丰富了当地目前对蜱传病原体存在的认识,区域,国家,和更广泛的层面。
Limited information is available regarding the presence of tick-borne pathogens and their distribution within Ixodes species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study aimed to identify Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in Ixodes ticks collected from domestic and wild animals and vegetation in different regions across Bosnia and Herzegovina. A total of 7438 adult ticks, including 4526 Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes canisuga, and Ixodes hexagonus, were collected. Real-time PCR screening of 450 pooled I. ricinus samples revealed a 22.1% infection rate with at least one pathogen. Rickettsia spp. (6.3%) were found in ticks from dogs, cats, and goats, Babesia spp. (3.1%) in ticks from dogs and cattle, A. phagocytophilum (8.8%) in ticks from dogs, goats, and cattle, and B. burgdorferi s.l. (3.4%) in ticks from dogs and cats. Mixed infections with B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum, as well as B. burgdorferi s.l. and Rickettsia spp., were found in two pools of I. ricinus from dogs and cats, respectively. Additionally, co-infection with Rickettsia spp. and A. phagocytophilum was confirmed in three tick pools from dogs and goats. Each tick from these pooled samples was individually retested to confirm the presence of pathogens. In the examined pooled samples of I. canisuga (1) and I. hexagonus (6), none of the tested pathogens were detected. Our findings represent the first detection of Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., A. phagocytophilum, and B. burgdorferi s.l. in I. ricinus collected from domestic animals and vegetation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Considering the established infection rates, the detection of tick-borne pathogens in adult ticks collected from domestic animals and vegetation enriches the current knowledge of the presence of tick-borne pathogens at the local, regional, national, and broader levels.