Abstract：
Ticks are important ectoparasites and vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. The natural habitat of Ixodes ricinus ticks is forests, which are convenient habitats to search for hosts, including reservoir hosts, and therefore can be an important habitat source of tick-borne pathogens. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of detailed forest habitat-type maps to estimate the tick-borne risk at a local scale (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). For the purposes of estimating tick abundance, we used the land cover maps available from the Forest Data Bank. For I. ricinus collection, nine sites located in three forest habitat types were chosen: broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest and coniferous forest. Ticks were collected once a month from April to June 2018 and 2019 using the standard flagging method. At each of the nine sites, ticks were collected in four plots, of 100 m2 each. Tick abundance was analysed using general linear mixed models (GLMM). A total of 2196 (10.1/100 m2) ticks were collected, including 2093 Ixodes ricinus (95.3%; 9.6/100 m2), 46 Dermacentor reticulatus (2.1%; 0.2/100 m2) and 57 Haemaphysalis concinna (2.6%; 0.3/100 m2). Among the collected I. ricinus were 589 larvae (28.1%; 2.7/100 m2), 1261 nymphs (60.3%; 5.8/100 m2), 128 females (6.1%; 0.6/100 m2) and 115 males (5.5%; 0.5/100 m2). We found a highly significant effect of forest habitat type on the density of ticks for broadleaf forest (coefficient = 1.87267, p-value = 2.79e - 07). Additionally, a significant influence of air temperature and relative humidity on the abundance of ticks was observed. During spring, the peak activity of I. ricinus was recorded in May and June. For DNA amplification of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., a nested PCR method was used. Out of 494 I. ricinus, 83 (16.8%) were positive for Borrelia spp. The RFLP method showed the occurrence of five species including four belonging to the B. burgdorferi s.l. complex: B. afzelii (30.1%), B. garinii (38.6%), B. valaisiana (2.4%) and B. lusitaniae (18.1%). Furthermore, B. miyamotoi (9.6%), a species belonging to bacteria that cause relapsing fever as well as co-infection of B. miyamotoi/B.lusitaniae (1.2%) were found. The differences in the infection level of Borrelia spp. between broadleaf forest and mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest were statistically significant.
摘要：
蜱是重要的外寄生虫和引起人类和动物疾病的病原体的载体。蓖麻蜱的自然栖息地是森林，它们是寻找寄主的方便栖息地，包括水库宿主，因此可能是蜱传病原体的重要栖息地来源。这项研究的目的是评估详细的森林栖息地类型图的有用性，以估计当地尺度的tick传播风险（下西里西亚，西南波兰）。为了估计蜱丰度，我们使用了森林数据库提供的土地覆盖图。对于I.蓖麻收集，选择了位于三种森林栖息地类型中的九个地点:阔叶林，阔叶针叶林和针叶林混交林。使用标准标记方法，从2018年4月至6月和2019年每月收集一次刻度。在九个地点中的每一个，蜱被收集在四个地块，每个100m2。使用一般线性混合模型(GLMM)分析Tick丰度。共收集2196个(10.1/100平方米)蜱,包括2093例蓖麻(95.3%；9.6/100平方米)，46网状皮肤（2.1％；0.2/100平方米）和57条孔雀鱼（2.6％；0.3/100平方米）。在收集的I.ricinus中，有589只幼虫（28.1％；2.7/100m2），1261个若虫（60.3%；5.8/100平方米），128名女性（6.1％；0.6/100平方米）和115名男性（5.5％；0.5/100平方米）。我们发现森林生境类型对阔叶林蜱密度的影响非常显着（系数=1.87267，p值=2.79e-07）。此外,空气温度和相对湿度对蜱的丰度有显著影响。在春天,蓖麻的活动高峰记录在5月和6月。对于伯氏疏螺旋体的DNA扩增，使用巢式PCR方法。在494I.ricinus中，83（16.8％）的疏螺旋体属阳性。RFLP方法显示了5种物种的发生，其中4种属于B.burgdorferis.l.复合物：B.afzelii（30.1％），B.加里尼(38.6%)，B.valaisiana（2.4％）和B.lusitaniae（18.1％）。此外，B.miyamotoi（9.6%），一种属于细菌的物种，引起复发性发烧以及B.miyamotoi/B的共同感染。发现lusitaniae(1.2%)。疏螺旋体感染水平的差异。阔叶林和阔叶针叶林混交林之间的差异有统计学意义。
