背景:商船上的食物选择有限,与普通人群相比,海员反复描述为超重的高风险。到目前为止,研究没有区分海员是在船上还是在家里体重增加,以及两种情况下的饮食习惯是否不同。
方法:作为电子健康船舶项目的一部分,在两个不同的测量中收集横截面数据.在对德国航运公司三艘商船的第一次调查中,评估了18名缅甸人在家中与船上相比的饮食行为差异,26名菲律宾人和20名欧洲海员。在第二项研究中,BMI,使用68艘船的在线问卷调查检查了543名菲律宾和277名欧洲海员的体重发展和体重变化的位置。
结果:根据董事会的考试,在商船上消费的食物和饮料与本国海员的饮食大不相同。缅甸人,菲律宾和欧洲海员平均食用更多的水果(z=4.95,p<.001,r=.62)和蔬菜(z=6.21,p<.001,r=.79),但在家时可乐较少(z=-5.00,p<.001,r=.76)。此外,在所有其他食品和饮料中发现了不同的文化变化。在线调查问卷显示,45.8%的海员超重(55.4%的欧洲人与40.8%菲律宾人,p<.001)和9.8%的肥胖。此外,与菲律宾人相比,欧洲人在职业生涯中体重增加的比例更高(50.2%vs.40.7%,p=.007)。对体重增加的海员的次级分析发现,欧洲人比菲律宾人在家中体重增加(43.9%vs.23.1%,p<.001)。
结论:两者,回家并在商船上工作,代表了非常不同的生活环境,这些环境可能以各种方式影响海员的生活方式和饮食习惯,因此可能有利于或抑制体重增加。从我们的结果来看,特别是亚洲海员的体重和饮食习惯似乎受到船上工作和生活条件的不利影响。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来证明这一假设。
BACKGROUND: Food choices on board merchant ships are limited and seafarers repeatedly described as being at high risk of developing overweight compared to the general population. Up to date, research has not distinguished whether seafarers gain weight on board or at home and whether eating habits differ in both settings.
METHODS: As part of the e-healthy ship project, cross-sectional data were collected in two different measurements. In the first investigation on board of three merchant ships of German shipping companies, differences in eating behaviour at home compared to on board ships were assessed for 18 Burmese, 26 Filipino and 20 European seafarers. In a second study, BMI, weight development and location of body weight change of 543 Filipino and 277 European seafarers were examined using an online questionnaire on 68 ships.
RESULTS: According to the board examinations, foods and beverages consumed on merchant ships varied widely from seafarers\' diets in their home country. Burmese, Filipino and European seafarers equally reported to consume more fruit (z = 4.95, p < .001, r = .62) and vegetables (z = 6.21, p < .001, r = .79), but less coke (z = -5.00, p < .001, r = .76) when at home. Furthermore, culturally different changes were found across all other foods and beverages. The online questionnaire revealed that 45.8% of seafarers were overweight (55.4% Europeans vs. 40.8% Filipinos, p < .001) and 9.8% obese. Moreover, a higher percentage of Europeans compared to Filipinos reported weight gain over the course of their professional career (50.2% vs. 40.7%, p = .007). A sub-analysis of seafarers with weight gain found that more Europeans than Filipinos gained weight at home (43.9% vs. 23.1%, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Both, home and working on board merchant ships, represent very different living environments which may affect seafarers\' lifestyle and eating habits in various ways and thus could favour or inhibit weight gain. From our results, it appears that the body weight and eating habits of Asian seafarers in particular are adversely affected by the working and living conditions on board. Further prospective studies are required to prove this hypothesis.