据报道,海员经常从事危险的身体和心理工作环境。然而,与身体健康问题相比,海员的心理健康状况没有得到关注。系统,缺乏对心理健康问题及其相关因素的全面审查。本综述旨在通过范围审查来系统地绘制有关心理健康问题及其相关因素的证据,以阐明解决海员面临的心理健康问题的有益方法。
在MEDLINE/PubMed上搜索了研究,科学直接,使用EBSCOhost数据库完成学术搜索,Scopus,EMBASE,和WebofScience,2020年8月20日。此范围审查是基于Arksey和O\'Malley的框架以及用于范围审查流程图的首选报告项目进行的。纳入标准是确定与工作条件或工作环境相关的因素之间关系的研究,海员的心理健康,等。对数据进行了叙述性总结和报告。
本综述包括24项,同时澄清了两项主要发现。首先,压力的普遍性,抑郁症状,和倦怠已经被提到了几十年。其次,与心理健康和心理问题相关的因素可以分为个人和工作环境因素。个人因素包括经验,年龄,健康状况(高BMI,睡眠不好,和糖尿病患者),和韧性。工作环境因素由两部分组成。工作需求包括来自承包商/客户/时间的压力,工作时间,船舶部,职称,航程插曲,航海时期,噪音,和振动。工作资源包括工具支持,团队凝聚力,船上的关怀和努力回报不平衡。
有必要对海员面临的心理健康问题采取有益的方法,以全面了解个人和组织层面。促进健康行为,训练韧性,和管理肥胖和慢性疾病包括个人水平的策略。为海员提供足够的工具支持,和实际支持与客户沟通,管理他们独特的工作-休息时间和足够的努力-奖励平衡构成了组织层面的方法。
Seafarers are often reported to be engaged in a dangerous physical and psychosocial work environment. However, mental health status among seafarers has not been focused on compared with physical health issues. Systematic, comprehensive reviews of mental health problems and their relevant factors are lacking. This
review aimed to clarify beneficial approaches to the mental health problems faced among seafarers using a scoping
review to systematically map the evidence regarding mental health issues and their related factors.
Studies were searched on MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Academic search complete using EBSCOhost databases, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of science on 20, August 2020. This scoping
review was conducted based on the framework of Arksey and O\'Malley and Preferred Reporting items for Scoping Reviews flow diagram. The inclusion criteria were studies which determined the relationship between factors relevant to working conditions or working environment, and mental health in seafarers, and etc. Data were narratively summarized and reported.
Twenty-four were included in this
review while two major findings were clarified. Firstly, the prevalence of stress, depressive symptoms, and burnout have been mentioned for decades. Secondly, factors related to mental health and psychological issues can be categorized as individual and work environmental factors. The individual factors include experience, age, health status (high BMI, poor sleep, and diabetics), and resilience. The work environmental factors consist of two parts. Job demands comprise pressure from contractors/customers/time, working hours, ship department, job title, voyage episodes, period of seafaring, noise, and vibration. The job resources included instrumental support, team cohesion, shipboard caring and effort-reward imbalance.
A beneficial approach to mental health problems faced among seafarers is necessary to understand comprehensively at individual and organization levels. Promoting health behaviors, training resilience, and managing obesity and chronic diseases comprise individual level strategies. Providing seafarers with adequate instrumental support, and practical support to communicate with customers, managing their distinct work-rest hours and adequate effort-reward balance comprise organization level methods.