背景:学校环境中的心理评估涉及一系列复杂性和道德困境,从业者必须谨慎应对。本文全面回顾了学校心理学家在评估过程中面临的常见问题,讨论基于各种专业组织的守则的最佳实践和道德准则。
方法:我们检查整个评估过程,从知情同意和工具选择等评估前考虑因素到涉及结果沟通和保密的评估后实践。解决的主要道德问题包括评估的公平性,测试材料的文化和语言适宜性,以及围绕知情同意的问题。
结果:讨论的具体挑战包括选择适当的评估工具,以反映学生的不同需求和背景,确保测试中的公平性和消除偏见,并将结果有效地传达给各利益相关者,同时保持机密性。我们强调多来源的重要性,多方法评估方法和持续专业发展在道德实践中的关键作用。
结论:通过遵守既定的道德标准和最佳实践,学校心理学家可以有效地支持学生的教育和发展需求。本文概述了可操作的建议和道德考虑,以帮助从业者提高准确性,公平,以及他们的评估在教育环境中的影响。
BACKGROUND: Psychological assessment in school settings involves a range of complexities and ethical dilemmas that practitioners must navigate carefully. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common issues faced by school psychologists during assessments, discussing best practices and ethical guidelines based on codes from various professional organizations.
METHODS: We examine the entire assessment process, from pre-assessment considerations like informed consent and instrument selection to post-assessment practices involving results communication and confidentiality. Key ethical concerns addressed include fairness in assessment, cultural and linguistic appropriateness of testing materials, and issues surrounding informed consent.
RESULTS: Specific challenges discussed include selecting appropriate assessment instruments that reflect the diverse needs and backgrounds of students, ensuring fairness and removing bias in testing, and effectively communicating results to various stakeholders while maintaining confidentiality. We emphasize the importance of multi-source, multi-method assessment approaches and the critical role of ongoing professional development in ethical practice.
CONCLUSIONS: By adhering to established ethical standards and best practices, school psychologists can effectively support the educational and developmental needs of students. This paper outlines actionable recommendations and ethical considerations to help practitioners enhance the accuracy, fairness, and impact of their assessments in educational settings.