光遗传学是一项尖端技术,它融合了光控制和遗传学,以实现组织细胞的靶向控制。与传统方法相比,光遗传学在时间和空间精度方面提供了几个优势,准确度,减少对研究对象的损害。目前,光遗传学主要用于途径研究,药物筛选,基因表达调控,和刺激分子释放来治疗各种疾病。光敏感蛋白的选择是光遗传学技术最关键的方面;发生结构变化或下游通道被激活以实现信号传递或因子释放,允许有效和可控的疾病治疗。在这次审查中,我们研究了在生物医学领域进行的关于光遗传学的广泛研究,包括光敏蛋白的选择,载体和输送装置的研究,以及疾病治疗的应用。此外,我们提供了光遗传学在临床医学领域的重要见解和未来意义。
Optogenetics is a cutting-edge technology that merges light control and genetics to achieve targeted control of tissue cells. Compared to traditional methods,
optogenetics offers several advantages in terms of time and space precision, accuracy, and reduced damage to the research object. Currently,
optogenetics is primarily used in pathway research, drug screening, gene expression regulation, and the stimulation of molecule release to treat various diseases. The selection of light-sensitive proteins is the most crucial aspect of optogenetic technology; structural changes occur or downstream channels are activated to achieve signal transmission or factor release, allowing efficient and controllable disease treatment. In this review, we examine the extensive research conducted in the field of biomedicine concerning
optogenetics, including the selection of light-sensitive proteins, the study of carriers and delivery devices, and the application of disease treatment. Additionally, we offer critical insights and future implications of
optogenetics in the realm of clinical medicine.