牙发育不良是一种罕见的牙齿发育障碍,与牙釉质有关,牙本质,牙髓异常,和整体牙齿形态。受影响的牙齿在大小和轮廓上严重异常,通常与受影响区域的肿胀和萌出失败有关。组织学上,牙釉质和牙本质发育不良和低矿化。牙发育不良最常见于对发育中的牙芽(釉质器官和牙囊)的直接创伤。缺乏有关非创伤性牙齿发育不良的患病率和特征的数据。在WilliamR.Pritchard兽医教学医院(VMTH)审查了诊断为牙齿发育不良的狗的医疗记录,加州大学,戴维斯,10年(从2013年到2023年)。有面部外伤史的狗,牙齿发育异常的牙齿或牙齿区域上的持久乳牙或牙齿,和持续性乳牙或牙齿的牙髓疾病被排除在研究之外。这项回顾性研究包括28只狗,代表每100只狗中1.4只的发病率超过10年。在22只狗中发现了区域性牙齿发育不良(RO),在六只狗中发现了全身性牙齿发育不良(GO)。全面的口腔检查和诊断成像对于诊断和评估牙列发育不良的存在至关重要。在近70%的RO病例中,清醒的口腔检查未能发现牙齿发育不良。牙列发育不良牙齿的继发性疾病或病变,比如牙周病,牙髓病,和周围内膜病变,在战略性牙齿(犬齿和腕部牙齿)中比较常见,并且比非战略性牙齿更常见。相似之处,比如女性偏爱,上颌骨更常受影响,和临床症状,在狗和人报告的RO之间观察到。非创伤性牙齿发育不良的确切病因仍然难以捉摸,条件可能是多因素因果关系。
Odontodysplasia is an uncommon dental developmental disorder associated with enamel, dentin, pulp abnormalities, and overall tooth morphology. The affected tooth is grossly abnormal in size and contour and is commonly associated with swelling of the affected area and failure of eruption. Histologically, the enamel and dentin are hypoplastic and hypomineralized. Odontodyplasia occurs most commonly in response to direct trauma to the developing tooth bud (enamel organ and dental follicle). Data on the prevalence and features of non-traumatic
odontodysplasia are lacking. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with
odontodysplasia were reviewed at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH), University of California, Davis, for 10 years (from 2013 to 2023). Dogs with a known history of facial trauma, persistent deciduous tooth or teeth over the region of odontodysplastic tooth or teeth, and endodontic disease of the persistent deciduous tooth or teeth were excluded from the study. Twenty-eight dogs were included in this retrospective study, representing an incidence of 1.4 per 100 dogs presenting over 10 years. Regional
odontodysplasia (RO) was identified in twenty-two dogs, and generalized
odontodysplasia (GO) was found in six dogs. Both comprehensive oral examination and diagnostic imaging were essential in diagnosing and assessing the presence of odontodysplasia. Awake oral examination failed to identify
odontodysplasia in almost 70% of the RO cases. Secondary diseases or lesions in odontodysplastic teeth, such as periodontal disease, endodontal disease, and perio-endo lesions, were commonly seen and were particularly more frequently identified in strategic teeth (canine and carnassial teeth) than non-strategic ones. Similarities, such as female predilection, maxilla more commonly affected, and clinical signs, were observed between RO in dogs and those reported in people. The exact etiology of non-traumatic odontodysplasia remains elusive, and the condition may be of multifactorial causality.