Fifty years of research has transformed our understanding of bacterial movement from one of description, based on a limited number of electron micrographs and some low-magnification studies of cells moving towards or away from chemical effectors, to probably the best understood behavioural system in biology. We have a molecular understanding of how bacteria sense and respond to changes in their environment and detailed structural insights into the workings of one of the most complex motor structures we know of. Thanks to advances in genomics we also understand how, through evolution, different species have tuned and adapted a core shared system to optimize behaviour in their specific environment. In this review, I will highlight some of the unexpected findings we made during my over 40-year career, how those findings changed some of our understanding of bacterial behaviour and biochemistry and some of the battles to have those observations accepted.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Life-writing is an increasingly recognized genre including, among other forms of expression, biography, memoir, journals, diaries and letters. In addition to providing a source of information about potentially significant historical and social dimensions of medicine, the life-writing of physicians also offers the public a greater sense of the writers\' inner lives and provides a resource of wisdom and companionship to other physicians and health care professionals across time and various stages of personal and professional development. This kind of life-writing, when considered alongside patient accounts, can further contribute to what Anne Hunsaker Hawkins has called \"a medicine that is truly human\".

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Almost since its inception, punk has been declared dead. What does it mean to live attached to something that is always, at least a little bit, gone? Examining how Justin Pearson merges personal accounts of death and mourning with a sense of punk that is rooted in loss in his memoir of his participation in a North American punk culture since the 1990s, From the Graveyard of the Arousal Industry, this article considers how a focus on living in the wake of the death of punk might shift scholarly and popular narratives told about punk. Punk outlives its death in the 1970s with a redemptive rebirth in which it became the subject of an anti-capitalist narrative. The article considers how Pearson\'s memoir explores a different framework by insisting that punk may not be able to separate itself from the wider world, and that while this might appear to deal a death blow to punk, it also names a persistent set of conditions that define punk. After placing the memoir in the context of this redemptive account of punk as well as among those who see its limits, the article offers an analysis of several scenes addressing personal losses that merge with Pearson\'s attachment to punk-as-something-dead-and-gone. The deaths that Pearson associates with punk rock are personal, but they also register the larger significance of loss for a subculture that cannot stop declaring its own demise, including especially the loss of a fantasy that sees punk as a refuge from the world.

Much scholarly attention has been paid to Latinx fiction. Less scholarship has focused on Latinx nonfiction, especially in the contemporary period. This essay focuses on the affective and political function of the Chicana memoir, particularly Cherríe Moraga\'s Native Country of the Heart (2019). I explore how the emotions evoked by such a memoir aid in resisting dominant narratives of oppression. Counteracting such narratives of constraint and discrimination, Moraga creates a new conceptualization of empowering cultural imaginaries. I propose that the emotionalizing strategy of Native Country will provide new insight into how Chicana memoirs can function as and are voices of resistance against the marginalization of Mexican American women. Indeed, mentally and emotionally sharing such narratives might decelerate the constant fueling of a system of intersectional racism as Native Country exemplifies how even the memory of the unlettered can act as powerful means of resistance against the colonialization of the mind.

Saving Delaney is one of a number of \"special needs\" parent memoirs published in the United States since 2000 and is the only memoir about raising a disabled child in the United States written by lesbian parents. Like many representations of disability, \"special needs\" parent memoirs use a problematic narrative in which the presumed negative effects of disability are individually overcome before life lived happily ever after. Also like popular and positive representations of disability, the children subjects of \"special needs\" parent memoirs are almost entirely white. In this paper, I contextualize Saving Delaney within histories of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) family-making in the United States, drawing particular attention to the overrepresentation of children with disabilities among gay and lesbian adoptive parent households. Then, drawing attention to the overwhelming whiteness of both positive portrayals of children with disabilities in \"special needs\" parent memoirs and LGBT families in scholarship, data, and media, I argue that white privilege facilitates visibility and protection against disability stigmas. I demonstrate that LGBT family-making and caring for children with disabilities cohere as issues of comprehensive reproductive justice and that narratives like Delaney\'s fail to advance the reproductive justice movement due to reiterative entrenchment in the material and discursive privileges of whiteness.

Child soldiers have been heavily involved in contemporary African warfare. Since the 1990s, the \'child soldier crisis\' has become a major humanitarian and human rights project. The figure of the child soldier has often been taken as evidence of the \'barbarism\', dehumanization and trauma generated by modern warfare, but such images can obscure the complex reality of children\'s experiences of being part of armed groups during conflict. This article uses the published memoirs of former child soldiers from Sierra Leone, Sudan, Uganda, Eritrea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to explore the instrumental and discursive nexus between child soldiers, memory, violence and humanitarianism. It assesses how (former-) children combatants remember and recount their experiences of war, and how these narratives can be shaped by humanitarian, literary and/or therapeutic framings. The article argues that these memoirs\' significance lies in their affective truths and what they reveal about children\'s experience, and narrations, of war. Former child soldiers engage with, but also challenge, dominant contemporary humanitarian discourses surrounding childhood and violence to develop a \'victim, savage, saviour, campaigner\' framework for their narratives. The article historically contextualizes the emergence of the \'child soldier memoir\', before analysing the narratives of recruitment, indoctrination, and violence recounted by these former child soldiers, and their attempts to rework their identities in a post-conflict environment. It explores how former child soldiers narrate suffering and deploy discourses of trauma in their memoirs: some seeking to process wartime traumas, others leveraging their own suffering to position themselves as campaigners for those children still caught in conflict.

We argue that historical femme life writing forms a rich resource for femme theory that contributes to, challenges, and extends contemporary academic femme literature. We focus on the experiences of femmes during the second-wave feminist movement, specifically within the context of 1970s and 1980s U.S. lesbian feminism. The texts we examine include My Dangerous Desires by Amber Hollibaugh (2000), A Restricted Country by Joan Nestle (1987), Minnie Bruce Pratt\'s (1995) S/he, and selections from The Persistent Desire: A Femme-Butch Reader, edited by Nestle (1992). Informed by Clare Hemmings\' (2011) and Victoria Hesford\'s (2013) critiques that past feminisms are often retold using reductive narratives, we (re)read this femme life writing to foreground the ways in which femmes have historically troubled and resisted monolithic accounts of lesbian feminism, lesbian identities, femininity, and sexuality. By centering queer feminine voices from this period to highlight major themes of this life writing, and drawing on Andi Schwartz\'s (2018) positioning of femme cultural production as a basis for theory, we argue that earlier iterations of queer femininities are relevant to and important for contemporary femme theory. Ultimately, we analyze what historical femme life writing reveals about the place of femininity within the lesbian and feminist communities of their time, how these dynamics inform current perceptions of queer and femme politics, and how femmes resist their cultural and critical marginalization.

Understanding of the latter part of the life course in age studies takes place largely through the lens of the third and fourth ages. Counterposing successful ageing with the failure of the fourth age, there is little conceptual room for the possibility of paradox or the co-existence of good and bad, gain and loss. Sociological studies of the life course also gives little attention to embodied subjectivity, focusing rather on structural and material aspects of inequality. All of these factors mean that women\'s experience in moving through the life course is inadequately conceptualised. In this paper I suggest an alternative feminist framework for the life course building on the work of Simone de Beauvoir and focusing particularly on the concept of the third sex. The paper is structured as follows. After introducing the need to construct an alternative, feminist life course framework, I review the texts and countertexts that represent women\'s ageing alternatively in negative and positive tones. I then turn to Beauvoir\'s work, focusing particularly on the \'third sex\' concept as a means of mediating the embodied experience of later life. I then use it to illuminate women\'s accounts of their lived experience, via three themes: bodily changes; narratives and plots; and sexuality. Overall the paper seeks to show that that new insights introduced by the third sex concept can enrich cultural gerontology whilst both age and gender studies will benefit by being brought into closer alignment.

This article focuses on three memoirs written by physicians who are specifically reflecting on their time in medical school to propose that the authors of these memoirs write not only to the reading audience, but also to their present and past selves. By addressing these former selves through the rhetorical figure of apostrophe, the authors write a new subjectivity into being. These memoirs serve as the material evidence of the formation what I call a bioaffective attachment, or, the way an individual physician\'s subjectivity is affectively attached to their own sense of self and to the larger healthcare industry.