油棕,热带木本油料作物,广泛用于食品中,化妆品,和药品由于其高的生产效率和经济价值。棕榈油富含游离脂肪酸,多酚,维生素E,和其他营养素,适当食用对人体健康有益。因此,研究不同发育阶段游离脂肪酸含量的动态变化,并假设调节基因对游离脂肪酸代谢的影响,对于提高棕榈油质量和加速产业增长至关重要。LC-MS/MS用于分析95天后肉中游离脂肪酸的组成和含量(MS1和MT1),125天(MS2和MT2),和185天(MS3和MT3)无核(MS)和Tenera(MT)油棕物种果实授粉。RNA-Seq用于分析调节游离脂肪酸合成和积累的基因的表达,使用KEGG(京都基因和基因组百科全书)富集分析方法将基因和代谢物的差异映射到KEGG途径图。代谢组学研究在MS和MT的发展过程中确定了17种类型的饱和脂肪酸和13种类型的不饱和游离脂肪酸。转录组学研究表明,在MS和MT之间设定的差异基因阈值中,获得了10,804个显着不同的表达基因。结果表明,FabB与三种主要游离脂肪酸(硬脂酸,肉豆蔻酸,和棕榈酸),并与MS和MT的肉中游离棕榈酸的含量呈负相关。ACSL和FATB与三种主要游离脂肪酸含量呈正相关,与游离肉豆蔻酸含量呈负相关。研究揭示了关键酶基因的表达,FabB和FabF,可以改善油棕果肉中游离肉豆蔻酸的合成,而FabF,ACSL,和FATB基因可以促进游离棕榈油酸的产生。这些基因还可能促进油棕果肉中游离硬脂酸和棕榈油酸的合成。然而,FabB基因可能抑制硬脂酸合成,而ACSL和FATB基因可能会阻碍肉豆蔻酸的产生。本研究为提高棕榈油品质提供了理论依据。
Oil palm, a tropical woody oil crop, is widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its high production efficiency and economic value. Palm oil is rich in free fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamin E, and other nutrients, which are beneficial for human health when consumed appropriately. Therefore, investigating the dynamic changes in free fatty acid content at different stages of development and hypothesizing the influence of regulatory genes on free fatty acid metabolism is crucial for improving palm oil quality and accelerating industry growth. LC-MS/MS is used to analyze the composition and content of free fatty acids in the flesh after 95 days (MS1 and MT1), 125 days (MS2 and MT2), and 185 days (MS3 and MT3) of Seedless (MS) and Tenera (MT) oil palm species fruit pollination. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the expression of genes regulating free fatty acid synthesis and accumulation, with differences in genes and metabolites mapped to the KEGG pathway map using the KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis method. A metabolomics study identified 17 types of saturated and 13 types of unsaturated free fatty acids during the development of MS and MT. Transcriptomic research revealed that 10,804 significantly different expression genes were acquired in the set differential gene threshold between MS and MT. The results showed that FabB was positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids (stearic acid, myristate acid, and palmitic acid) and negatively correlated with the contents of free palmitic acid in the flesh of MS and MT. ACSL and FATB were positively correlated with the contents of three main free fatty acids and negatively correlated with free myristate acid. The study reveals that the expression of key enzyme genes, FabB and FabF, may improve the synthesis of free myristate in oil palm flesh, while FabF, ACSL, and FATB genes may facilitate the production of free palmitoleic acid. These genes may also promote the synthesis of free stearic acid and palmitoleic acid in oil palm flesh. However, the FabB gene may inhibit stearic acid synthesis, while ACSL and FATB genes may hinder myristate acid production. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving palm oil quality.