当细菌感知宿主环境的线索时,应激反应被激活。双组分系统,西格玛因子,小RNA,ppGpp严格的回应,和伴侣开始协调毒力因子或免疫调节剂的表达,以使细菌做出反应。虽然,其中一些是经过充分研究的,例如双组分系统,其他监管机构的贡献,如西格玛因子或ppGpp,越来越受到关注。铜绿假单胞菌是研究感知和响应环境线索的分子机制的金标准病原体。博德特氏菌属。,另一方面,是用于在分子水平上研究宿主-病原体相互作用的微生物模型。这两种病原体具有定植于慢性病患者肺部的能力,这表明他们有可能分享一个利基和互动。然而,促进博德特氏菌适应的分子网络。线索还不清楚。这里,我们提供了关于细菌用来抵消宿主免疫反应的这些不同分子机制的已知的并排比较,同时强调它们之间相对未探索的相互作用。
When bacteria sense cues from the host environment, stress responses are activated. Two component systems, sigma factors, small RNAs, ppGpp stringent response, and chaperones start coordinate the expression of virulence factors or immunomodulators to allow bacteria to respond. Although, some of these are well studied, such as the two-component systems, the contribution of other regulators, such as sigma factors or ppGpp, is increasingly gaining attention. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gold standard pathogen for studying the molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to environmental cues. Bordetella spp., on the other hand, is a microbial model for studying host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. These two pathogens have the ability to colonize the lungs of patients with chronic diseases, suggesting that they have the potential to share a niche and interact. However, the molecular networks that facilitate adaptation of Bordetella spp. to cues are unclear. Here, we offer a side-by-side comparison of what is known about these diverse molecular mechanisms that bacteria utilize to counteract host immune responses, while highlighting the relatively unexplored interactions between them.