关键词: cell signaling pathway host-pathogen immune cell migration intracellular parasitism mononuclear phagocyte

来  源:   DOI:10.1101/2024.02.06.579146   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract:
Mononuclear phagocytes facilitate the dissemination of the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Here, we report how a set of secreted parasite effector proteins from dense granule organelles (GRA) orchestrates dendritic cell-like chemotactic and pro-inflammatory activation of parasitized macrophages. These effects enabled efficient dissemination of the type II T. gondii lineage, a highly prevalent genotype in humans. We identify novel functions for effectors GRA15 and GRA24 in promoting CCR7-mediated macrophage chemotaxis by acting on NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, respectively, with contributions of GRA16/18 and counter-regulation by effector TEEGR. Further, GRA28 boosted chromatin accessibility and GRA15/24/NF-κB-dependent transcription at the Ccr7 gene locus in primary macrophages. In vivo, adoptively transferred macrophages infected with wild-type T. gondii outcompeted macrophages infected with a GRA15/24 double mutant in migrating to secondary organs in mice. The data show that T. gondii, rather than being passively shuttled, actively promotes its dissemination by inducing a finely regulated pro-migratory state in parasitized human and murine phagocytes via co-operating polymorphic GRA effectors.
摘要:
单核吞噬细胞促进专性细胞内寄生虫弓形虫的传播。这里,我们报道了一组来自致密颗粒细胞器(GRA)的分泌的寄生虫效应蛋白如何协调树突状细胞样趋化和促炎激活被寄生的巨噬细胞.这些效应使得能够有效传播II型弓形虫谱系,人类中非常普遍的基因型。我们确定了效应子GRA15和GRA24通过作用于NF-κB和p38MAPK信号通路促进CCR7介导的巨噬细胞趋化的新功能,分别,GRA16/18的贡献和效应TEEGR的反调节。Further,GRA28增强了原代巨噬细胞中Ccr7基因位点的染色质可及性和GRA15/24/NF-κB依赖性转录。在体内,过继转移的感染野生型弓形虫的巨噬细胞在迁移到小鼠的次级器官中胜过感染GRA15/24双突变体的巨噬细胞。数据显示弓形虫,而不是被动地穿梭,通过协同多态GRA效应物在寄生的人和鼠吞噬细胞中诱导精细调节的前迁移状态,积极促进其传播。
细胞内病原体可以利用被感染宿主细胞的细胞功能,例如,细胞内生存和传播。然而,微生物如何协调复杂细胞过程的劫持,如宿主细胞迁移,仍然知之甚少。因此,常见的寄生虫弓形虫积极侵入人类和其他脊椎动物的免疫细胞并改变其迁移特性。这里,我们表明,来自寄生虫的许多分泌效应蛋白的协同作用,主要是GRA15和GRA24,作用于宿主细胞信号通路以激活趋化性。Further,蛋白质效应GRA28选择性地作用于宿主细胞核中的染色质可接近性,以选择性地增强宿主基因表达。效应子的联合活动最终导致受感染的吞噬细胞内的促迁移信号传导。我们提供了一个分子框架,描述弓形虫如何协调复杂的生物学表型,例如吞噬细胞的迁移激活以促进传播。
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