由于头部的直接打击或穿透性损伤而引起的创伤性脑损伤(TBI)会损害脑组织并影响脑功能。对脑组织的原发性和继发性损伤会增加残疾,发病率,和死亡率,并花费数百万美元的治疗。对脑组织的损伤导致涉及许多细胞和分子因素的各种炎症和修复途径的激活。增加免疫细胞的浸润,清除碎片和病变愈合,施万细胞的激活,髓鞘形成,少突胶质细胞形成,和轴突再生发生在TBI后再生组织。然而,脑组织的继发性损伤导致行为症状。修复和再生由涉及各种细胞的复杂级联调节,荷尔蒙,和蛋白质。由于改变的基因表达而引起的各种蛋白质表达的变化可能是TBI中受损的修复和后遗症的原因。在这项试点研究中,我们使用了有和没有电磁场(EMF)刺激的TBI的Yucatan微型猪模型,并研究了受伤和未受伤的皮质组织之间的差异基因表达。我们发现了几个差异表达的基因,包括INSC,TTR,CFAP126,SEMA3F,CALB1、CDH19和SERPINE1。这些基因与免疫细胞浸润有关,髓鞘形成,活性氧调节,甲状腺激素转运,细胞增殖,和细胞迁移。EMF刺激对基因和蛋白质表达有时间依赖性作用。这些发现支持EMF刺激在TBI后的修复过程中的有益效果。
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to a direct blow or penetrating injury to the head damages the brain tissue and affects brain function. Primary and secondary damage to the brain tissue increases disability, morbidity, and mortality and costs millions of dollars in treatment. Injury to the brain tissue results in the activation of various inflammatory and repair pathways involving many cellular and molecular factors. Increased infiltration of immune cells to clear the debris and lesion healing, activation of Schwann cells, myelination, oligodendrocyte formation, and axonal regeneration occur after TBI to regenerate the tissue. However, secondary damage to brain tissue results in behavioral symptoms. Repair and regeneration are regulated by a complex cascade involving various cells, hormones, and proteins. A change in the expression of various proteins due to altered gene expression may be the cause of impaired repair and the sequelae in TBI. In this pilot study, we used a Yucatan miniswine model of TBI with and without electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation and investigated the differential gene expression between injured and non-injured cortex tissues. We found several differentially expressed genes including INSC, TTR, CFAP126, SEMA3F, CALB1, CDH19, and SERPINE1. These genes are associated with immune cell infiltration, myelination, reactive oxygen species regulation, thyroid hormone transportation, cell proliferation, and cell migration. There was a time-dependent effect of EMF stimulation on the gene and protein expression. The findings support the beneficial effect of EMF stimulation in the repair process following TBI.