We report a case of a 26-year-old type 1 diabetic woman presenting with acute lower abdominal pain, bloating, and vomiting. Initial examination revealed right lower quadrant tenderness and a suprapubic mass. Computed tomography (CT) imaging identified a 12-cm cystic structure suggestive of a dilated bowel loop with an adjacent inflamed 7-cm small bowel segment. Surgical exploration uncovered a Merkel\'s diverticulum-associated duplication cyst originating from the Meckel\'s diverticulum. Subsequent complications included an anastomotic leak, requiring relook laparotomy and the formation of a double-barrel stoma. The patient recovered and was discharged on day 13. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of Meckel\'s diverticulum-associated duplication cysts, emphasizing the need for vigilance in managing complex abdominal presentations.

Cryptococcus infection is an invasive fungal infection common in immunocompromised hosts, especially in organ transplant recipients and in patients with HIV. Its presentation varies from localized skin lesions to systemic disseminated infection involving the lungs and the central nervous system (CNS). We present the case of a 50-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) status post deceased donor kidney transplantation seven and a half years ago who presented with a low-grade fever, cough, nausea, vomiting, and a large cystic mass on the right foot. A CT scan of the chest showed a 14 mm cavitary lesion in the middle lobe of the right lung. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigens were detected. MRI of the right foot showed a large multilocular lobulated septated cystic mass. Histopathology showed cryptococcus; the diagnosis was made as disseminated cryptococcus infection. She was treated with antifungal therapy successfully. A large cutaneous cystic mass is a rare cutaneous presentation of cryptococcus infection; clinicians should keep it in the differential diagnosis, especially in transplant recipient patients.

UNASSIGNED: Neuroglial heterotopia is a rare lesion composed of differentiated neuroectodermal cells that manifest in extracranial locations, with the majority of cases predominantly occurring in the head and neck region. Retroperitoneal neuroglial heterotopia is exceptionally rare, with isolated cases published in the scientific literature.
UNASSIGNED: Here, we present the case of a 3-year-old girl who was admitted without clinical signs but presented with a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scans revealed a sizable cystic lesion within the retroperitoneal space. Subsequently, laparoscopic resection was performed. Histological examination unveiled neuroglial cell-lined cysts encompassing fibrous connective tissue, ganglia, glial tissue, and nerve bundles. Notably, distinct areas and cell types exhibited expression of S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuron-specific enolase. Follow-up assessments revealed no relapses or late complications.
UNASSIGNED: In cases of retroperitoneal neuroglial heterotopia, most children may remain asymptomatic without any congenital anomalies. Despite their detectability through imaging, accurate preoperative diagnosis is seldom achieved. Generally, a favorable prognosis follows complete surgical resection, although further cases are required to confirm its long-term efficacy, necessitating extended follow-up for verification.

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a rare neuroectodermal tumor with a benign nature. We performed a literature review among 338 studies. We included 9 studies, whose patients underwent CT and/or MRI to characterize a retroperitoneal mass, which was confirmed to be a ganglioneuroma by histologic exam. The most common features of ganglioneuroma are considered to be a solid nature, oval/lobulated shape, and regular margins. The ganglioneuroma shows a progressive late enhancement on CT. On MRI it appears as a hypointense mass in T1W images and with a heterogeneous high-intensity in T2W. The MRI-\"whorled sign\" is described in the reviewed studies in about 80% of patients. The MRI characterization of a primitive retroperitoneal cystic mass should not exclude a cystic evolution from solid masses, and in the case of paravertebral location, the differential diagnosis algorithm should include the hypothesis of ganglioneuroma. In our case, the MRI features could have oriented towards a neurogenic nature, however, the predominantly cystic-fluid aspect and the considerable longitudinal non-invasive extension between retroperitoneal structures, misled us to a lymphatic malformation. In the literature, it is reported that the cystic presentation can be due to a degeneration of a well-known solid form while maintaining a benign character: the distinguishing malignity character is the revelation of immature cells on histological examination.

A meconium pseudocyst is formed following meconium peritonitis. At present, antenatal diagnosis and planned management of meconium pseudocyst have reduced the mortality rate significantly. We presented a case of a neonate with abdominal distension and non-passage of meconium who experienced respiratory distress and was taken for exploratory laparotomy at a tertiary care center due to suspected bowel perforation. The neonate was diagnosed with a meconium pseudocyst intraoperatively as maternal ultrasound and ultrasound of the abdomen of the neonate after birth failed to make a definitive diagnosis; even an X-ray abdomen did not reveal pathognomonic egg-shell calcification. An interesting aspect of this case is the mother\'s complex obstetric history, which compelled us to conjecture whether it was possible to predict the chances of meconium peritonitis and take steps to prevent it. It must be noted that, despite rigorous research, the researchers could not find reliable literature co-relating the obstetric history of the mother with the formation of a meconium pseudocyst in the neonate.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare manifestation of primary mucinous neoplasms. We report two rare cases of PMP originating from mucinous primary ovarian neoplasms. The case series discusses the cases of female patients aged 86 and 52 years who presented with worsening dyspepsia, abdominal distension, pelvic pain, and altered bowel habits. Both of the patients underwent evaluation comprising cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels, ultrasound (US) examination of the abdomen and the pelvis, tumor markers, cytological evaluation, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the pelvis and abdomen. Patients were diagnosed to have pseudomyxoma peritonei arising from mucinous ovarian tumors. Patients were referred to the surgical department and were successfully managed with repeated removal of mucinous material. The present case report highlights the significant radio-pathologic characteristics of PMP, which originated from mucinous ovarian tumors.

UNASSIGNED: The prenatal detection of an intrathoracic cyst during the first trimester of pregnancy is an exceedingly rare condition. In this report, we describe a case of first-trimester intrathoracic cyst causing cardiac dextroposition, which resolved by 24 weeks\' gestation.
UNASSIGNED: A 5-mm intrathoracic cyst causing cardiac dextroposition was detected during the routine sonographic scan performed at 12 weeks + 2 days. The cyst remained stable in size until 20 weeks and was no longer identified during focused fetal echocardiography at 24 weeks.
UNASSIGNED: Our case demonstrates that a first-trimester intrathoracic cyst can have a benign course, either by remaining stable in size or even undergoing complete resolution during the second trimester. A focused sonographic examination should therefore be undertaken as follow-up to determine the final prognosis of these lesions.
UNASSIGNED: The etiology of intrathoracic cysts detected in the first trimester is unclear and could represent a resolving pericardial cyst.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is extremely rare and easily misdiagnosed before surgery.
METHODS: We report the treatment of an asymptomatic case of LAMN diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings. A 70-year-old woman presented with an adnexal mass found by physical examination in July 2020. Gynecologic ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass in the right adnexa, and computed tomography showed a cystic mass in the pelvic cavity. All tumor markers were normal. A further MRI examination suggested mucinous neoplasm in the right pelvic cavity, excluding the possibility of adnexal cyst. Laparoscopic exploration found a huge cystic mass of about 10 cm × 7 cm that originated from the apex of the appendix, with spontaneous rupture. LAMN was confirmed by pathological examination. As of May 2021, no disease recurrence occurred after an open appendectomy.
CONCLUSIONS: This case indicates that we should pay more attention to female patients who are clinically diagnosed with an adnexal mass at admission,. The physical examination should be done carefully, and the laboratory and imaging examination results should be comprehensively analyzed to avoid misdiagnosis and to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment, and to improve prognosis. MRI may be a better option for the diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm.

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Struma ovarii is a very rare tumour of the ovary, which is usually benign. It is a solid cystic swelling of the ovary, which is characterised by the presence of histologically detectable thyroid tissue. Confirmatory diagnosis is usually on histopathology after resection of the tumour. It is difficult to identify struma ovarii with radiological investigations alone as it may mimic malignancy. In this case report, we present the case of a 48-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy for an incidental finding of right adnexal mass on ultrasound scan following a 10-day history of loose stools and pain in the abdomen. It was ultimately found to be a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma in struma ovarii after a pathological examination.