在过去的几十年中,人们对使用新技术来获得水上动力学变量的记录以评估精英短跑皮划艇运动员的性能的兴趣有所增加,但有必要采取系统的方法来确保这些措施的有效性和可靠性。这项研究有一个创新的方法,目的是开发一种新的多功能夹具,包括参考力传感器,用于校准和验证在精英短跑皮划艇中使用的高力级仪表拨片测量的相互静态和动态行程力。
方法:使用改进的健身房重量堆和由铝型材组成的框架构建了一个夹具,该框架允许将定制的皮划艇桨轴和桨叶支撑装置与认证的力传感器结合使用数据采集系统,以记录静态(恒定负载)和动态条件下的桨叶和手的力(通过桨叶行程模拟)。将装有滚珠轴承的托架的线性运动路径连接到框架上,该托架带有用于测量垂直距离和水平位移的传感器,以记录桨上的各种位置测量值。广泛描述了具有所有组件的夹具设计以允许复制。报告了评估夹具力仪器准确性的程序,以一个品牌的仪表桨为例,描述了在静态和动态条件下进行力校准和验证的方法。
结果:结果表明,使用夹具仪器测量的力与施加的力相似,根据所施加的精确质量计算(在-1.4至1.8%的差异内),并且与根据所施加的质量与重量堆叠计算的力相似(在-0.57至1.16%的差异内)。该夹具适用于在静态和动态条件下与精英短跑皮划艇相关的范围内的力的校准和验证。在静态条件下,力方向等于校准条件,力范围为98至590N,仪器桨的所有值与夹具传感器值的差异在-3.4%至3.0%的范围内,36个值中的28个在±2%的范围内.在动态条件下,桨行程模拟为60和100行程/分钟,目标峰值力为400N,由仪器式桨叶测量的共同力变量与夹具的相同测量值没有显着差异(100冲程/分钟时的值:峰值力;406.9±18.4vs.401.9±17.2N,平均力;212.8±15.4vs.212.0±14.4N,达到峰值力的时间;0.17±0.02与0.18±0.02s,力脉冲;90.8±11.2vs.90.5±10.8Ns,脉冲持续时间;0.43±0.03vs.0.43±0.03s)。
结论:提出了一种具有多种新功能的新型夹具,该夹具通过在与精英短跑皮划艇相关的力范围内的静态和动态条件下提供用于校准和力验证的标准化条件,能够使用仪器拨片校准和验证力测量。
The interest in using new technologies to obtain recordings of on-water kinetic variables for assessing the performance of elite sprint kayakers has increased over the last decades but systematic approaches are warranted to ensure the validity and reliability of these measures. This study has an innovative approach, and the aim was to develop a new versatile jig including reference force sensors for both the
calibration and validation of mutual static and dynamic stroke forces as measured with instrumented paddles at the high force levels used in elite sprint kayaking.
METHODS: A jig was constructed using a modified gym weight stack and a frame consisting of aluminum profiles permitting a fastening of custom-made kayak paddle shaft and blade support devices with certified force transducers combined with a data acquisition system to record blade and hand forces during static (constant load) and dynamic conditions (by paddle stroke simulation). A linear motion path incorporating a ball-bearing equipped carriage with sensors for the measurement of vertical distance and horizontal displacement was attached to the frame for recordings of various position measures on the paddle. The jig design with all components is extensively described to permit replication. The procedures for assessing the accuracy of the jig force instrumentation are reported, and with one brand of instrumented paddle used as an example, methods are described for force calibration and validation during static and dynamic conditions.
RESULTS: The results illustrate that the measured force with the jig instrumentation was similar to the applied force, calculated from the applied accurate mass (within a -1.4 to 1.8% difference) and similar to the force as calculated from the applied mass with the weight stack (within a -0.57 to 1.16% difference). The jig was suitable for the
calibration and validation of forces in a range relevant for elite sprint kayaking under both static and dynamic conditions. During static conditions with a force direction equal to the
calibration conditions and a force range from 98 to 590 N, all values for the instrumented paddle were within a -3.4 to 3.0% difference from the jig sensor values and 28 of 36 values were within ±2%. During dynamic conditions with paddle stroke simulations at 60 and 100 strokes/min and a target peak force of 400 N, the common force variables as measured by the instrumented paddle were not significantly different from the same measures by the jig (values at 100 strokes/min: peak force; 406.9 ± 18.4 vs. 401.9 ± 17.2 N, mean force; 212.8 ± 15.4 vs. 212.0 ± 14.4 N, time to peak force; 0.17 ± 0.02 vs. 0.18 ± 0.02 s, force impulse; 90.8 ± 11.2 vs. 90.5 ± 10.8 Ns, impulse duration; 0.43 ± 0.03 vs. 0.43 ± 0.03 s).
CONCLUSIONS: A novel jig with several new functions is presented that enables the
calibration and validation of force measurements with instrumented paddles by providing standardized conditions for
calibration and force validation during both static and dynamic conditions in a force range relevant to elite sprint kayaking.