未经评估:抗菌素耐药性(AMR)是对全球健康和发展的重大威胁。在动物中使用不适当的抗菌药物会导致AMR,由于抗菌药物的广泛使用,大多数研究都集中在牲畜上。缺乏对运动动物和AMR问题的研究。这项研究旨在表征在运动动物中发现的大肠杆菌的AMR谱(斗鸡,斗牛,和运动马)和环境中的土壤。
未经鉴定:进行细菌分离和鉴定,以鉴定从斗鸡(n=32)的新鲜粪便中回收的大肠杆菌分离株,斗牛(n=57),运动马(n=33),和NakhonSiThammarat的那些农场(n=32)的土壤。使用15种测试的抗菌药物-氨苄西林(AM)确定抗菌素耐药性,阿莫西林-克拉维酸,头孢氨苄(CN),头孢菌素(CF),头孢哌酮,头孢噻呋酯,头孢喹肟,庆大霉素,新霉素,氟美喹(UB),恩诺沙星,马波氟沙星,多粘菌素B,四环素(TE),和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶(SXT)。毒力基因,AMR基因,还检查了系统发育组。五个毒力基因,iron,ompT,hlyF,ISS,和iuta,是决定系统发育群体的基因,chua,cjaa,和tspE4C2被鉴定。选择用于检测的AMR基因是β-内酰胺酶组的blaTEM和blaSHV;cml-A代表苯酚;dhfrV代表甲氧苄啶;sul1和sul2代表磺胺类药物;tetA,tetB,和TEs的tetC;和qnrA,qnrB,和喹诺酮类药物的qnrS。
未经证实:来自运动动物的大肠杆菌对AM有不同程度的抗性,CF,CN,UB,SXT,和TE。斗鸡的AMR率总体上高于其他动物,对AM具有明显更高的抗性,CF,和TE。在斗鸡中发现了最高的AMR,其中62.5%的分离株是AM抗性的。此外,斗鸡的多药耐药性最高(12.5%)。在土壤中发现了一种广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌分离物,但没有动物粪便。系统发育分析表明,大多数大肠杆菌分离株属于B1组。来自斗鸡的大肠杆菌分离株比其他来源具有更多的毒力和AMR基因。在20%或更多的分离物中发现的AMR基因为blaTEM(71.9%),qnrB(25%),qnrS(46.9%),和tetA(56.25%),而在从土壤中收集的大肠杆菌分离物中,在20%或更多的分离物中发现的唯一抗性基因是blaTEM(30.8%),和tetA(23.1%)。
UNASSIGNED:来自斗鸡粪便的大肠杆菌对AM的抗性明显更高,CF,和TE比其他运动动物的分离株。因此,斗鸡可能是一个水库的抗性大肠杆菌,可以转移到环境和其他动物和人类直接接触的鸟类或鸟类的栖息地。抗菌监测计划还应针对运动动物及其环境。
UNASSIGNED: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global health and development. Inappropriate antimicrobial drug use in animals cause AMR, and most studies focus on livestock because of the widespread use of antimicrobial medicines. There is a lack of studies on sports animals and AMR issues. This study aimed to characterize the AMR profile of E. coli found in sports animals (fighting cocks, fighting
bulls, and sport horses) and soils from their environment.
UNASSIGNED: Bacterial isolation and identification were conducted to identify E. coli isolates recovered from fresh feces that were obtained from fighting cocks (n = 32), fighting
bulls (n = 57), sport horses (n = 33), and soils from those farms (n = 32) at Nakhon Si Thammarat. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using 15 tested antimicrobial agents - ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalexin (CN), cefalotin (CF), cefoperazone, ceftiofur, cefquinome, gentamicin, neomycin, flumequine (UB), enrofloxacin, marbofloaxacin, polymyxin B, tetracycline (TE), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT). The virulence genes, AMR genes, and phylogenetic groups were also examined. Five virulence genes, iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and iutA, are genes determining the phylogenetic groups, chuA, cjaA, and tspE4C2, were identified. The AMR genes selected for detection were blaTEM and blaSHV for the beta-lactamase group; cml-A for phenicol; dhfrV for trimethoprim; sul1 and sul2 for sulfonamides; tetA, tetB, and tetC for TEs; and qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS for quinolones.
UNASSIGNED: The E. coli derived from sports animals were resistant at different levels to AM, CF, CN, UB, SXT, and TE. The AMR rate was overall higher in fighting cocks than in other animals, with significantly higher resistance to AM, CF, and TE. The highest AMR was found in fighting cocks, where 62.5% of their isolates were AM resistant. In addition, multidrug resistance was highest in fighting cocks (12.5%). One extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli isolate was found in the soils, but none from animal feces. The phylogenetic analysis showed that most E. coli isolates were in Group B1. The E. coli isolates from fighting cocks had more virulence and AMR genes than other sources. The AMR genes found in 20% or more of the isolates were blaTEM (71.9%), qnrB (25%), qnrS (46.9%), and tetA (56.25%), whereas in the E. coli isolates collected from soils, the only resistance genes found in 20% or more of the isolates were blaTEM (30.8%), and tetA (23.1%).
UNASSIGNED: Escherichia coli from fighting cock feces had significantly higher resistance to AM, CF, and TE than isolates from other sporting animals. Hence, fighting cocks may be a reservoir of resistant E. coli that can transfer to the environment and other animals and humans in direct contact with the birds or the birds\' habitat. Programs for antimicrobial monitoring should also target sports animals and their environment.