PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Fermented jujube powder (FJP) promotes a balance between the intestinal microflora and immune factors in animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of FJP on the production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant properties of bulls.
UNASSIGNED: Forty Simmental bulls were randomly divided into four groups based on body weight and fed a basal diet with [5, 7.5, or 10% dry matter (DM)] or without FJP. The experimental period was 20 d for adaptation and 60 d for the feeding trial.
UNASSIGNED: Dietary FJP supplementation did not affect DM intake (P > 0.05) but increased the average daily gain quadratically (P = 0.049) and decreased the feed conversion ratio linearly (P = 0.042). FJP quadratically enhanced DM and crude protein digestibility (P = 0.026 and P = 0.041, respectively) and linearly enhanced acid detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.048). It also increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration quadratically (P = 0.037), acetate molar percentage, and acetate-to-propionate ratio linearly (P = 0.002 and 0.001), and reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration linearly (P = 0.003). Additionally, xylanase and protease activities and Ruminococcus flavefaciens abundance increased linearly (P = 0.006, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively), and total bacteria, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminobacter amylophilus abundance increased quadratically (P = 0.047, 0.011, and 0.021, respectively). FJP linearly increased serum total protein concentration and antioxidant capacity (P = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively) and decreased malonaldehyde content (P = 0.006).
UNASSIGNED: FJP supplementation (7.5%) enhanced production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity in bulls. The improved nutrient digestion may be due to an increase in ruminal microorganisms and total volatile fatty acids from the FJP. High blood antioxidant levels indicate that FJP may preserve proteins, thereby boosting the production performance of bulls.
UNASSIGNED: Forty Simmental bulls were randomly divided into four groups based on body weight and fed a basal diet with [5, 7.5, or 10% dry matter (DM)] or without FJP. The experimental period was 20 d for adaptation and 60 d for the feeding trial.
UNASSIGNED: Dietary FJP supplementation did not affect DM intake (P > 0.05) but increased the average daily gain quadratically (P = 0.049) and decreased the feed conversion ratio linearly (P = 0.042). FJP quadratically enhanced DM and crude protein digestibility (P = 0.026 and P = 0.041, respectively) and linearly enhanced acid detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.048). It also increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration quadratically (P = 0.037), acetate molar percentage, and acetate-to-propionate ratio linearly (P = 0.002 and 0.001), and reduced the ammonia nitrogen concentration linearly (P = 0.003). Additionally, xylanase and protease activities and Ruminococcus flavefaciens abundance increased linearly (P = 0.006, 0.018, and 0.009, respectively), and total bacteria, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminobacter amylophilus abundance increased quadratically (P = 0.047, 0.011, and 0.021, respectively). FJP linearly increased serum total protein concentration and antioxidant capacity (P = 0.003 and 0.018, respectively) and decreased malonaldehyde content (P = 0.006).
UNASSIGNED: FJP supplementation (7.5%) enhanced production performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity in bulls. The improved nutrient digestion may be due to an increase in ruminal microorganisms and total volatile fatty acids from the FJP. High blood antioxidant levels indicate that FJP may preserve proteins, thereby boosting the production performance of bulls.
摘要：
■发酵枣粉（FJP）促进动物肠道菌群和免疫因子之间的平衡。在这项研究中,我们旨在研究FJP对生产性能的影响，营养消化，瘤胃发酵，和公牛的抗氧化性能。
■根据体重将40头西门塔尔牛随机分为四组，并饲喂含[5、7.5或10％干物质（DM）]或不含FJP的基础饮食。实验期为适应20d，喂养试验为60d。
■膳食FJP补充不影响DM的摄入量（P>0.05），但增加了平均日增重的平方（P=0.049），并线性降低了饲料转化率（P=0.042）。FJP二次提高DM和粗蛋白消化率（分别为P=0.026和P=0.041），线性提高酸性洗涤剂纤维消化率（P=0.048）。它还增加了总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的平方（P=0.037），醋酸盐摩尔百分比，和乙酸盐与丙酸盐的比例呈线性（P=0.002和0.001），氨氮浓度呈线性下降(P=0.003)。此外,木聚糖酶和蛋白酶的活性和黄反刍动物的丰度呈线性增加（P分别为0.006、0.018和0.009），和总细菌，白乳球菌,和嗜淀粉反刍动物的丰度呈二次增加（P分别为0.047、0.011和0.021）。FJP线性增加了血清总蛋白浓度和抗氧化能力（分别为P=0.003和0.018），并降低了丙二醛含量（P=0.006）。
■FJP补充剂（7.5％）提高了生产性能，营养消化，瘤胃发酵，和公牛的血清抗氧化能力。营养消化的改善可能是由于来自FJP的瘤胃微生物和总挥发性脂肪酸的增加。高血液抗氧化剂水平表明FJP可能会保留蛋白质，从而提振多头的生产业绩。
■根据体重将40头西门塔尔牛随机分为四组，并饲喂含[5、7.5或10％干物质（DM）]或不含FJP的基础饮食。实验期为适应20d，喂养试验为60d。
■膳食FJP补充不影响DM的摄入量（P>0.05），但增加了平均日增重的平方（P=0.049），并线性降低了饲料转化率（P=0.042）。FJP二次提高DM和粗蛋白消化率（分别为P=0.026和P=0.041），线性提高酸性洗涤剂纤维消化率（P=0.048）。它还增加了总挥发性脂肪酸浓度的平方（P=0.037），醋酸盐摩尔百分比，和乙酸盐与丙酸盐的比例呈线性（P=0.002和0.001），氨氮浓度呈线性下降(P=0.003)。此外,木聚糖酶和蛋白酶的活性和黄反刍动物的丰度呈线性增加（P分别为0.006、0.018和0.009），和总细菌，白乳球菌,和嗜淀粉反刍动物的丰度呈二次增加（P分别为0.047、0.011和0.021）。FJP线性增加了血清总蛋白浓度和抗氧化能力（分别为P=0.003和0.018），并降低了丙二醛含量（P=0.006）。
■FJP补充剂（7.5％）提高了生产性能，营养消化，瘤胃发酵，和公牛的血清抗氧化能力。营养消化的改善可能是由于来自FJP的瘤胃微生物和总挥发性脂肪酸的增加。高血液抗氧化剂水平表明FJP可能会保留蛋白质，从而提振多头的生产业绩。
