全球老龄化人口面临重大的健康挑战,包括由于自然衰老过程而越来越容易残疾。可穿戴下肢外骨骼(LLE)已成为增强老年人身体功能的有希望的解决方案。本系统综述综合了LLE的使用与WHO的健康老龄化愿景相一致,检查它们对内在能力和功能能力的影响。我们在六个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索,产生36篇相关文章,涵盖具有各种健康状况的老年人(65岁以上),包括少肌症,中风,帕金森病,骨关节炎,还有更多.干预措施,跨越一至四十届会议,利用了一系列LLE技术,如Ekso®,HAL®,StrideManagementAssist®,本田步行辅助®,Lokomat®,Walkbot®,Healbot®,KeeogoRehab®,EX1®,地上可穿戴外骨骼,Eksoband®,动力踝足矫形器,HAL®腰型,HumanBodyPosturizer®,步态增强和激励系统®,柔软的机器人套装,和积极的骨盆矫形器。研究结果表明,在各种健康状况中取得了实质性的积极成果。LLE培训导致关键绩效指标的改进,例如10米步行测试,五次坐立测试,计时和测试,还有更多.此外,观察到步态质量增强,联合机动性,肌肉力量,和平衡。这些改善伴随着久坐行为的减少,疼痛感知,肌肉运动,步行时的代谢成本。虽然更长的干预持续时间可以帮助恢复内在能力,甚至可以在单个会话中观察到功能能力的瞬时增强。总之,本综述表明,在对老年人进行LLE干预后,各种健康状况的关键参数得到了一致和显著的改善.这些发现强调了LLE在促进健康衰老和增强老年人福祉方面的潜力。
The global aging population faces significant health challenges, including an increasing vulnerability to disability due to natural aging processes. Wearable lower limb exoskeletons (LLEs) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance physical function in older individuals. This systematic review synthesizes the use of LLEs in alignment with the WHO\'s healthy aging vision, examining their impact on intrinsic capacities and functional abilities. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in six databases, yielding 36 relevant articles covering older adults (65+) with various health conditions, including sarcopenia, stroke, Parkinson\'s Disease, osteoarthritis, and more. The interventions, spanning one to forty sessions, utilized a range of LLE technologies such as Ekso®, HAL®, Stride Management Assist®, Honda Walking Assist®, Lokomat®, Walkbot®, Healbot®, Keeogo Rehab®, EX1®, overground wearable exoskeletons, Eksoband®, powered ankle-foot orthoses, HAL® lumbar type, Human Body Posturizer®, Gait Enhancing and Motivation System®, soft robotic suits, and active pelvis orthoses. The findings revealed substantial positive outcomes across diverse health conditions. LLE training led to improvements in key performance indicators, such as the 10 Meter Walk Test, Five Times Sit-to-Stand test, Timed Up and Go test, and more. Additionally, enhancements were observed in gait quality, joint mobility, muscle strength, and balance. These improvements were accompanied by reductions in sedentary behavior, pain perception, muscle exertion, and metabolic cost while walking. While longer intervention durations can aid in the rehabilitation of intrinsic capacities, even the instantaneous augmentation of functional abilities can be observed in a single session. In summary, this review demonstrates consistent and significant enhancements in critical parameters across a broad spectrum of health conditions following LLE interventions in older adults. These findings underscore the potential of LLE in promoting healthy aging and enhancing the well-being of older adults.