本研究旨在探讨为期8周的父母陪伴游泳对中国学龄前儿童体能和智力的潜在影响。将36名男孩(平均年龄3.56±0.27岁)分为三组:传统体育锻炼组(TP,n=12),伴随游泳组(AS,n=12)和独立游泳组(IS,n=12)。在干预前后使用以下指标评估参与者的身体能力:身高,体重,网球投掷距离,站立跳远距离,10米穿梭机运行的时间,两足连续跳跃的时间,坐下和到达的距离,和行走平衡木上的时间。智力在三个方面进行评估:测试前,4周后的中期测试,和测试后。使用双向重复测量方差分析分析数据,Bonferroni检验(p<0.05)和效应大小。AS组和IS组行走平衡木的时光显著低于TP组,相差1.81s(p<0.01,[95%CI-3.22至-0.40],ES=1.53)和1.25s(p<0.05,[95%CI-2.66至0.16],ES=0.81)。在中期测试中,TP组的智商得分低于AS组(p<0.05,[95%CI-12.45至-0.96],ES=0.89)。此外,在测试后,TP组的智商得分明显低于两种AS(p<0.01,[95%CI-14.12to-2.74],ES=1.15)和IS组(p<0.01,[95%CI-12.53至-3.31],ES=1.21)。游泳比传统的体育锻炼更能提高儿童的平衡和智商。让父母参与游泳会导致初次游泳锻炼后4周内智商得分显着提高。
This study aimed to explore the potential effects of 8-week parents-accompanied
swimming on the physical capacity and intelligence of preschool children in China. Thirty-six boys (mean age 3.56 ± 0.27 years) were divided into three groups: the traditional physical exercise group (TP, n = 12), the accompanied
swimming group (AS, n = 12) and the independent
swimming group (IS, n = 12). Participants\' physical capacity was assessed before and after the intervention using the following indicators: height, weight, distance of tennis ball throw, standing long jump distance, time for the 10-meter shuttle run, time for a two-legged continuous jump, sit-and-reach distance, and time on the walking balance beam. Intelligence was assessed at three points: pre-test, mid-test after 4 weeks, and post-test. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) and effect size. The time of the AS and IS groups to walk the balance beam was significantly lower than the TP group, with a difference of 1.81 s (p < 0.01, [95% CI -3.22 to -0.40], ES = 1.53) and 1.25 s (p < 0.05, [95% CI -2.66 to 0.16], ES = 0.81). At the mid-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were lower than the AS group (p < 0.05, [95% CI -12.45 to -0.96], ES = 0.89). Additionally, at post-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were significantly lower than those of both AS (p < 0.01, [95% CI -14.12 to -2.74], ES = 1.15) and IS groups (p < 0.01, [95% CI -12.53 to -3.31], ES = 1.21).
Swimming enhances children\'s balance and IQ scores more than traditional physical exercises. Involving parents in swimming leads to a more significant increase in IQ scores within 4 weeks of initial
swimming exercise.